-BOOK IFKQNNfiP Copyright, 1879, John Shillito & Co WHE1T YOU "VISIT ' CINCINNATI, Bring this Book -with you, or call on JohnShillito&Go. RACE, SEVENTH & GEORGE STS. Where you will be supplied with another gratui- tously, in order that you may see the sights with the least Expense, and to the best possible advantage. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. Race, Seventh and George Sts., IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Foreign and Domestic DRY GOODS and CARPETS Are Exhibiting, of their own Importation, LATEST NOVELTIES SILKS, DRESS GOODS, fv LACES, HOSIERY, COSTUMES AND SHAWLS, CARPETS AND UPHOLSTERY GOODS. Manufacturing Extensively and Importing Direct, they Guarantee the Lowest Prices. DRESS GOODS DEPARTMENT. This department is exceedingly attractive, the goods having been selected with the greatest care, thereby securing RICHNESS OF COLORING, ELEGANCE OF DESIGN And the very NEWEST SHADES. EUROPEAN NOVELTIES Received by every Steamer. AMERICAN DRESS GOODS .*. •*"•""! * **!i!'lrf complete variety, on the most liberal terms. •• *«••••• • •■••• • iSfc&C^.-pRESS GQQDS. • • • • • * •_* • \ * . * • • • • ••• • « • • • • • *• BLACK FRENCH CASHMERE, Our celebrated " CHATEAU " Brand, every quality. BLACK ALPACAS, MOHAIRS and BRILLIANTINES, With a full line of BLACK GOODS SUITABLE FOR MOURNING, At the most reasonable prices. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. SILK DEPARTMENT. A full and well selected stock of RELIABLE IMZAIECIES BLACK GROS-GRAIN SILKS, COLORED GROS-GRAIN SILKS, COLORED FAILLES, WHITE SILKS and SATINS. BLACK and COLORED SATINS WITH Brocade and Fancy Silks for Overdresses and Trimmings. IN LARGE VARIETY. VELVETS. BLACK TRIMMING VELVETS, All widths and grades. COLORED AND FANCY VELVETS, All the popular shades and designs. ALL-SILK CLOAKING VELVETS, 28 and 33 inches vide. In point of QUAXITY and I.OW PRICES, we have by far exceeded every' previous undertaking. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. CLOAK ANO SHAWL DEPARTMENT. We claim the best styles and cheapest cloaks in the market, — being manufactured by ourselves, we guarantee the sizes as represented. The assortments include in Cloaks BEAVER, DIAGONAL AND FANCY MATERIALS IN ALL SIZES AND GRADES. DOLMANS IN WOOLEN MATERIALS, SILK, SICILLIENNE, &c. CIRCLES AND ULSTERS IN NEW MATERIALS AND DESIGNS. VELVET CLOAKS AND DOLMANS, FRENCH WALKING JACKETS, dec, &c. SHAWLS In the latest and most desirable AMERICAN, SCOTCH, FRENCH and GERMAN STYLES and COLORS. BLACK CASHMERE SHAWLS A SPECIALTY. INDIA STRIPES, BROCHE and REAL CAMELS' HAIR SHAWLS IN PROFUSE VARIETY OF COLORING AND DESIGN. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. EMBROIDERY AND LACE DEPARTMENT. HAMBURG EDGINGS and INSERTINGS. We are opening large Invoices of New Patterns. LACES. GERMAN VALENCIENNES, IMITATION AND REAL TORCHON, SMYRNA LACES, CROCHET EDGES, &c, &c. Exceedingly Cheap. RUCHINGS In CREPE LISSE, SILK ILLUSION, ORGANDIE AND TARLATAN In one hundred different styles — warranted full measure. Prices at least twenty per cent, below any Eastern quotation. RIBBONS. Our stock fully represents the different qualities, in all the widths and new colorings. LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS. LADIES' FANCY NECKWEAR. VEILINGS In REAL AND IMITATION DOTTED NETS, BOBBONETS, MECHLINS, BRUSSELS and ILLUSIONS, WITH BAREGES, PARISINAS AND GRENADINES. All the new shades. HANDKERCHIEFS. Special attention is called to this department, the assortments are very large, comprising Ladies', Men's and Children's ALL-LINEN HANDKERCHIEFS, In Plain, Hemmed, Hem-Stitched, Mourning and Fancy Borders. Many excellent bargains here. JOHN SHILL1T0 & 00. To be derived from pur chasing' in this market. 1st, Stock. Our experience of half a cen- tury enables us to present a stock speci- ally adapted to the wants of your trade, and in variety unexcelled. American Fabrics arc purchased direct from the manufacturers, and special attention is given to the products of the Southern and Western States. Foreign Goods are selected by a corps of experts in the best markets of the world, and Imported direct. 2d, Prices. Always guaranteed the lowest. 3d, Discounts. The most liberal to cash and short time buyers. 4th, No C barge made for Cases or Drayage. KING'S Pocket-book of Cincinnati, Copyright, iSyq, by John Shillito & Co. A Bit of History. —Cincinnati, or Losanteville as the place was first named (l'os-ante-ville, the town opposite the mouth), was settled in the latter part of 178S or beginning of 1789 by a party under Israel Ludlow. The ground on which the city stands was purchased by Matthias Denman, who associated with himself Robert Patterson and John Fil- son. The latter was killed by Indians on a visit to the site of the proposed settle- ment, and Ludlow took his place in the enterprise. The date of the settlement is involved in doubt, although Dec. 28, 1788, is generally celebrated as the birthday of the town. While no especial incident marks the early history of the city, the In- dians gave more than the usual trouble; and it was not until after Harmar and St. Clair had been successively defeated by them, that Wayne secured, as the result of a decisive victory in 1794, a peace which was signed at Greenville in 1795. The progress of the settlement, delayed and crippled by Indian wars until the peace, was rapid afterwards. The site of the city was well chosen, for climate, natural advantages, river communication, and was probably selected principally as being on the Indian trail between Detroit, the Great Lakes, and Lexington, Ky., where it crossed the Ohio River. The tide of Western emigration, as soon as it became safe, quickly peopled Cincinnati with a thrifty, energetic, and enterprising population. The growth of the city, though rapid, has been healthy. No back-set has ever seriously affected the onward march of the place. Neither epidemic, commercial disaster, fire, war, nor wild speculation has roughly disturbed her course. What advance has been made has been maintained, and in this fact lies the explanation and cause of the city's present position. The name of Cincinnati was given in 1790, when St. Clair came to the place as governor of the North-west Territory. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819, and from that time has been a great centre, and holds a high rank among American cities in every department of trade, culture, influence, and wealth. A single lifetime has covered the exist- ence of Cincinnati; for the first white child born in the place (William Moody, March 17, 1790) has just died in 1879. By the annexation of Columbia the city has obtained the right to date back its settlement to November, 1788, as a party had landed and settled there previ- ous to the coming of the party under Ludlow to Losanteville; but five years' annexation has not overcome the history of the previous eighty-five years, and Cincinnati still dates its existence from Dec. 28, 1788. —Julius Dexter. Academies. — See Schools. Academy of Medicine, the Cin- cinnati, was established in 1857; and its membership at present comprises about 120 physicians of the regular school, principally alumni of the Medi- cal College of Ohio. In 1874 a division was the result of a dispute about some point of medical ethics, and about twenty members withdrew, and formed the Cin- cinnati Medical Society. During the spring, autumn, and winter months, the KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Academy holds weekly meetings, on Monday evenings, in the amphitheatre of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. Membership fee, $3; annual subscrip- tion, $2. .ffitna Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn., is the largest and strongest American fire-insurance company. Its cash capital is $3,000,000, and its gross assets almost $7,000,000. It has paid $50,000,000 for losses. Its Western busi- ness, built up through the department located at Cincinnati, has played a most important part in the growth of this gigantic corporation. The ./Etna owns the building, No. 171 Vine Street, and is considered to some extent a local insti- tution. Aldermen and Aldermanic Dis- tricts.— The 25 wards of the city are equally divided into five aldermanic dis- tricts, from each of which six aldermen are elected to serve four years without compensation. The board, known also as the Upper House, meet regularly on the 2d and 4th Fridays of every month in the Council Chamber, City Building. The districts are as follows: First dis- trict: 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 7th wards; Second district: 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, and 10th wards; Third district: nth, 12th, 23d, 24th, and 25th wards; Fourth dis- trict: 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 22d wards; Fifth district: 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st wards. The second and fourth districts hold their next aldermanic election in 1880; and the first, third, and fifth districts hold their next election in 1882. The following are the names of the present Board of Aldermen: First dis- trict, Charles C. Campbell, Samuel Nie- man, James O'Neill, Michael Ryan, ( tliver P. Tharp, Frank Vor Mohr; Sec- ond district, John H. Lawrence, Thomas Lee, Mathias Lichtendahl, Thomas J. Mulvihill, Julius Reis, James B. Wilson; Third district, Gabriel Dirr, Frank H. Falke, John Geiger, George H. Ober- kleine, Rudolph Rheinboldt, Byron Stanton; Fourth district, B. Frank Hop- kins, Daniel Metz, John C. Riley, Sam- uel H. Taft, jun., Frank A. Tucker, Henry Varwig; Fifth district, William H. Hodgson, Charles C. Jacobs, John J. Kelly, John Mackey, jun., M. W. Oli- ver, Samuel R. Smith. Julius Reis is president, and Charles C. Jacobs vice- president. Allemania Club, organized in 1849, occupies the beautiful freestone building erected for the club in 1879, on the north- west cor. of Fourth Street arid Central Avenue. The building and its elaborate furnishings cost nearly $100,000. In the third story is the Allemania Hall, with seating capacity of 500. There is a library of 1,500 volumes, and parlors, reading, billiard, card, and chess rooms, besides a restaurant and bar. The club, comprising 200 Israelites, gives during the year many entertainments, to which none but members and a few persons in- vited by those taking part in the enter- tainment are admitted. At other times strangers can, upon invitation of a mem- ber, visit the club-house. The member- ship fees are: initiation $25, and dues $3 a month. Non-residents introduced by members are granted the privileges of the club at $5 a month. Alencon, Point Lace, or Point d'A- lencon. — Its first appearance in France was in the year 1665, and was first made by Madame Gilbert, a native of Alencon. This lace is made entirely by hand with a fine needle, upon a parchment pattern, in small pieces, afterward united by in- visible seams. Each part is executed by a special workman. Formerly it required eighteen different hands to complete a piece of lace: the number, we believe, is now reduced to twelve. The design, en- graved upon a copper-plate, is printed off i.i divisions upon pieces of parchment ten inches long, each numbered according to their order. They are then passed from one worker to another until the different operations are completed; and then re« mains the great work of uniting all these segments imperceptibly together. This is done by a seam following as closely as possible the outlines of the pattern. Point d' Alencon is of a solidity which defies time and washing, and has been justly called the "Queen of Lace." For the largest assortments of fine point laces in all the best makes, visit John Shillito &Co. American Protestant Associa- tion, as its name implies, is composed of men whose principles are opposed to the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church. It partakes largely of a political charac- ter, but is ostensibly a social organiza- tion. There are 15 lodges and encamp- ments in the city, with an aggregate mem- bership of 2,500. American Sunday School Union, organized in Philadelphia in 1824, has V5.B e*9,Svrf KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. two prime objects, — to establish and maintain Sunday schools, and to publish and circulate moral and religious litera- ture. The Union is non-sectarian, ten different denominations being represented in the board of managers. It employs missionaries who devote their whole time to establishing Bible-schools throughout the country. George Crosby, 41 West Fourth Street, is their agent for Cincin- nati. American Tract Society, instituted in New York in 1825, has for its object the diffusion of " a knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ as the Redeemer of sinners, and to promote the interests of vital god- liness and sound morality by the circula- tion of religious tracts calculated to meet the approbation of all evangelical Chris- tians." The Western Tract Society, 176 Elm Street, represents the society in this city. Amusements. — See Bellevue House, Coliseum, Esher's New Palace, Grand Opera House, Heuck's Opera House, Highland House, Lookout Opera House, National Theatre, Pike's Opera House, Price's Hill, Robinson's Opera House, Vine-street Opera House, Zoological Society. Arbeiter Halle, No. 474 Walnut Street, north of Thirteenth Street, belongs to the Arbeiter Bund (workingmen's so- ciety). The building contains a large hall, two small halls, and eight large committee-rooms, besides a large bar and billiard-room. The association has been in existence 28 years, and the hall was erected to meet its wants. Twenty- seven trades-unions, benevolent associa- tions, and singing societies, make this building their place of meeting. The hall is sustained by receipts from rents and the proceeds of the bar and billiard-room. Arcade. — See Emery Arcade. Archery has established itself as a permanent and prominent feature of amusements in Cincinnati. The West- wood was the first club to begin shooting, and had been doing so for some time before Maurice Thompson aroused the country by his stirring magazine-ar- ticles in 1877. In July of that year was started the Sagiltarian Club of Walnut Hills, and also about the same time the College-hill Archery Club. These three clubs were organized by adoption of constitutions, election of officers and members, and are still leading clubs. The College-hill Club kept lor two years its original members; but in 1879 a part of them withdrew, and with other per- sons organized the Waverley Archery Club of College Hill. The clubs named, and the Ivanhoe Archery Club of East Walnut Hills, organized in 1878, include the best shots of this city and its vicinity. The Westwood meets every Wednesday afternoon on the grounds of Jas. N. Gam- ble at Westwood, and shoots ten rounds of three arrows each at a 48-inch target; ladies shooting at a distance of 30 yards, and gentlemen at 40 yards. The Col- lege-hill meets every Tuesday, and the Waverley every Wednesday afternoon, on the grounds of some members at College Hill, and shoots the regulation round. The Ivanhoe meets Friday afternoon or. the grounds of members at East Walnut Hills. The Sagittarian meets on Saturday, on its grounds, called Ashland Range, at WTalnut Hills, and begins shooting at four p.m. The regular round is shot at same distances as those of the Westwood. Visitors interested in archery can easily get an invitation to witness the games through an acquaintance with a member of some club. There is a long list of other archery clubs, which are scattered throughout the city and its suburbs. Area of Cincinnati for 25 years previous to 1870, when the first annexa- tion was made, was 4,480 acres, or seven square miles. The territory annexed in 1870 amounted to 8,085 acres, or 12.75 square miles. The last annexation, in 1873, brought in 2,695 acres, or 4.25 square miles. Total number of acres, 15,260; total square miles, 24. The Ohio- river frontage of the city, from Columbia on the east to Riverside on the west, is 11 miles. Army, the. — The military protection of the city consists of five companies of the First Regiment Ohio National Guard, under command of Col. C. B. Hunt. The regiment is organized under the militia laws of the State, and is uni- formed in the United-States regulation uniform. The police-force is also drilled in the manual of arms. The military companies will average about 60 men, rank and file. The drilled police number 325, making 625 available soldiers. The city owns a Gatling gun, bought during the railroad riots of 1877, which is in charge of the police-commissioners. Art. — Cincinnati is making rapid IO KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. strides towards becoming one of the American art-centres; and, although the public art institutions are but few, there are a number of valuable and extensive collections owned by the citizens, and the visitor who obtains the privilege of see- ing some of these collections will prob- ably be surprised to find so many art- treasures stored away in this city. Be- fore long there will be a great art mu- seum, which, when fairly opened, will naturally receive some portion of the works of art now held here. It was ow- ing to the realization of the necessity and certainty of such a museum, that the Women's Art Museum Association was incorporated in 1873 as a temporary body, with power to receive and hold gifts for an art-museum building and its contents. In furtherance of this object, the associa- tion secured a course of lectures deliv- ered by Sidney D. Maxwell, George Ward Nichols, and Charles P. Taft, and also held a loan exhibition, from which sources it derived about $3,000. It has already received a number of works of art, which are now deposited with the Safe Deposit Company; and has also opened rooms at 184 West Fourth Street, where art-instruction is given, and specimens of amateur decorative art sold. Five gentlemen have conditionally subscribed $50,000 for an art-museum; and the late James A. Frazer bequeathed $5,000 for the same purpose. It is probable that in the winter of 1879 tne association will secure the rooms built for the art-depart- ment in Music-hall building, and will there hold a permanent loan exhibition. The dues of the members, composed of ladies and gentlemen, are $3 a year. The present rooms can be visited free at any time. The other art-institutions are the School of Design, the Ohio Mechan- ics' Institute, and Fry's Carving School, all of which are noticed in their alphabeti- cal places. Among the many note- worthy private collections are the paint- ings of Joseph Longworth, Henry Pro- basco, George Hoadly, George K. Shoen- berger, Reuben R. Springer, William S. Groesbeck, John L. Stettinius, L. B. Harrison, W. W. Scarborough, and Nathaniel F. Baker ; the bronzes of Erasmus Gest ; the engravings of Wil- liam Karrmann, J. Le BoutiTlier, S. C. Tatem, William Henry Davis, and George McLaughlin. The hall of Wil- liam Hooper's residence at East Walnut Hills has been carved throughout by pupils of the School of Design and Hen- ry L. Fry. The principal and oldest art-store is that of William Wiswell, No. 70 West Fourth Street, who has been en- gaged in the art-business in this city for 47 years. The other chief art-stores are those of P. Smith & Co., No. 56 West Fourth Street, and A. B. Closson, jun., No. 186 West Fourth Street, both having very pretty art-galleries. See Etching Club, Painters, Pottery, Sculptors. Astronomical Society, the Cincin- nati, was organized in May, 1842; and on the 16th of June next Prof. O. M. Mitchel was sent to Europe, under the auspices of the society, to obtain such information as might facilitate the build- ing of an observatory, and to make ar- rangements for the purchase of astro- nomical instruments. At Munich he contracted for an object-glass, celebrated throughout Europe for its clearness and accuracy. It was placed in the Cincin- nati Observatory, and cost when mounted $9,500. The amount needed for this pur- chase, and also for the building, was raised by shares of $25 each, to which all classes of persons subscribed. The corner-stone of the observatory was laid by John Quincy Adams, Nov. 9, 1843, on a four-acre lot, situated on the summit of Mt. Adams, and donated by Nicholas Longworth. In 1872, the old site on Mt. Adams having become unsuitable by reason of the noise and smoke of the city, the Longworth heirs joined with the As- tronomical Society in an agreement to give the grounds to the city, to be sold, and the proceeds to be donated to the School of Drawing and Design; the city agreeing, on its part, to sustain an obser- vatory in connection with the University of Cincinnati. The building, with the grounds, was sold in 1872 to the Passion- ists Fathers, and is now used as a monas- tery. John Kilgour gave four acres of land on Mt. Lookout as a site for the new building; and the Astronomical So- ciety donated all their instruments and reports, and became extinct. See Ob- servatory. Athletic Club, the Cincinnati, is an amateur association, formed by a number of respectable young men of Cincinnati to encourage all manly sports, and to promote physical culture. It was organized in 1879, and has its headquar- ters at the rooms of the Cincinnati Gym- nasium. All members of the club are also members of the gymnasium. Its officers are Judge Nicholas Longworth, president; George W. Jones, jun., vice- KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. president; and Mortimer Matthews, sec- retary. Aurora Fire and Marine Insurance Co. of Cincinnati was incorporated in 1871. Its cash capital is $ioc,ooo; total assets, $188,192. Since its organi- zation it has received for premiums $077,- 441, and has paid for losses $279,797, and for dividends $75,175. The com- pany has about 100 agencies scattered through six States. The office is No. 6 West Fourth Street, where it has been for the past eight years. The president is John Straehley, and the secretary is F. Goula. Avenue, the, is the popular name of Spring-grove Avenue, which begins at Harrison Avenue opposite the northern terminus of McLean Avenue, and runs north past U. R. Stock-yards, through Cumminsville, past Spring Grove, Chester Park, and Spring Lake, to its junction with the Carthage Pike, — a distance of five miles. The roadway is 100 feet wide, each side being occupied by a horse-rail- way track as far as Cumminsville. A single track extends from Cumminsville to Spring Grove. Noble silver poplars, on botli sides, give generous shade nearly the whole day; and part of the way a double row of trees covers the car-track on either side. The grade is almost level the entire distance. The centre roadway, 30 feet wide, is made of screened gravel; and on both sides of the roadway is a loam and sand track 25 feet wide. It is the popular evening drive, and the most favorable test-road around the city for fast horses. Toll is collected at two gates. The Seventh-street, John-street, and Bay- miller-street horse-cars connect with the horse-cars on the Avenue. Avondale is a suburb of Cincinnati, joining the city on the north, and lying east of Clifton. Its southern boundary is 25 miles from Fountain Square. It is probable that within one year two lines of horse-cars will reach Avondale. The Lebanon Turnpike passes through the village: and on this a line of omnibuses is established, which start from and return to the corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets in Cincinnati. It is one of the most beau- tiful of the suburbs, many of Cincinnati's wealthiest h-isiness-men having elegant residences therein. Banks, State and National. — First National, north-west cor. Third and Wal- nut; Fourth National, north-east cor. Third and Walnut: Merchants' National, 75 West Third; National Lafayette and Lank of Commerce, 18 West Third; Sec- ond National, north-west cor. Court and Main; Third National, 65 West Third; Bank of Cincinnati, 31 West Third; Com- mercial Bank, 132 Alain; Franklin Bank, 14 West Thud; German Banking Co., south-west cor. Third and Walnut; West- ern German Bank, north-east cor. Twelfth and Vine. Baptist Churches. — Columbia, at Columbia, W. E. Stevens, pastor; First, Court, cor. Wesley Ave., S. K.. Leavitt, pastor; First German, Walnut, cor. Jane, L. H. Donner, pastor; Mt. Auburn, Au- burn Ave., A. S. Hobart, pastor; Mt. Washington, Mt. Washington, B. F. Har- mon, pastor; Ninth-street, Ninth, west of Vine, S. W. Duncan, D.D., pastor; Third, Pine, near Clark, A. M.Worcester, pastor; Walnut Hills, Walnut Hills. Colored people: Avondale, Avondale, R. W. Scott, pastor; Calvary, Third, west of Elm, Thomas Webb, pastor; Cummins- ville, Cumminsville, P. F. Fossett, pas- tor; Little Zion, Plum, north of Seventh; Shiloh, 265 Plum; Union, Mound, north of Ninth, R. M. Duling, pastor; Walnut Hills, Walnut Hills, J. H. Darnell, pas- tor; Zion, Ninth, west of Central Ave., S. H. Williams, pastor. Bar Association, the Cincinnati, was organized for the advancement of legal knowledge, and the better and more convenient discharge of professional duties connected therewith. George Hoadly is the president, and nearly all the prominent lawyers of the city are members. Besides having an annual banquet, the association meets at the Literary-club Rooms whenever any busi- ness is to be transacted. The assessment is $5 a year. Barracks, the Newport, owned by the United-States Government, are situ- ated on the point of Newport, Ky., where the Licking River empties into the Ohio. The grounds once included 5A acres, but a part have since been washed away. The river-front is pro- tected by a wall of masonry. The per- manent buildings occupy the outer por- tions of the square. They enclose a pa- rade-ground, and have accommodations for three companies, although 600 men have been quartered there. At present it is the headquartersifor the Department of the South. The barracks are reached most conveniently by the Newport Fer 12 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. ry, which has a landing about 300 yards from the main gates. Base Ball. — There are two profes- sional and innumerable amateur clubs in Cincinnati. The two professional clubs, which are both incorporated, have grounds of their own. The Cincinnati Base-ball Association holds membership in the Na- tional League, and has enclosed grounds on the Avenue, about four miles from Fountain Square. The M. & C. R.R. passes these grounds, as does the Cum- minsville horse-railway on the Avenue. The other professional club, the Star Base-ball Association, has enclosed grounds at the foot of Bank Street, which can be reached by the Seventh-street, John-street, and Sixth-street lines of horse-cars. Baths, Public. — There is one public swimming-bath in the city, moored in the summer in the Ohio River at the foot of Broadway. It consists of a boat 200 by 50 feet, with 86 dressing-rooms. A cur- rent of water 4.3 feet in depth constantly passes through it. There is a swimming- school attached; the basin being 20 feet square, and the water from 25 to 32 feet deep. Price of a single bath, 15 cents; season tickets, $5. Public bath-houses are numerous throughout the city. Most of the hotels have public bathing accom- modations. At many of the bath-estab- lishments, Turkish, electric, sea-salt, and medicated baths are furnished. Prices range from 20 cents to 1.50, according to the kind of bath. Bellevue is a suburb of Newport, lying directly east of that city, and west of Dayton, Ky. It is regularly built, and is inhabited principally by working- men and men of moderate means, who do business in Cincinnati. It is about three miles from Fountain Square, and is reached by the Newport and Dayton line of street-cars, which start in Cincinnati from Fountain Square. Bellevue House, one of the famous hill-top resorts of the city. It is situated at the head of the Cincinnati and Clif- ton Inclined-plane Railway. The hill on whicli it stands is an almost abrupt rise of 300 feet above McMicken Avenue. Two beautiful views of the city under the hills can be had from the terrace, — one covering the Mill-creek Valley, the other all that portion of the city west of Mt. Adams and north of Fourth Street. The grounds attached comprise about 12 acres, in which are an immense pavilion, a park, and an orchard. The esplanade, overlooking the city, is 500 feet long, and 150 feet wide. This, as well as the main halls and the floor of the pavilion, is cov- ered with chairs and refreshment-tables. As many as 10,000 people can be accom- modated, and a much larger number has frequently been entertained in one even- ing. The grounds are largely used for picnics, balls, and private parties. The entire place is open at all times, and the admission is almost always free. Horse- cars, — Elm-street and Vine-street lines, which take passengers to the inclined plane. The distance is 15 miles from Fountain Square. B'nai B'rith, a mutual-benefit order of Israelites, has seven lodges in Cincin- nati, six of which meet weekly in the lodge-room, north-east corner of Fifth Street and Central Avenue. The sick benefits are $4 a week; the dues do not exceed $25 a year; death assess- ments, 75 cts. each. These fees cover an endowment insurance of $1,000, and are obligatory on all the members. Con- nected with the order, but not obligatory on the members, is an insurance feature of $2,000, payable at death to the heirs of the deceased. This order instituted the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland, supported by the lodges throughout Dis- trict No. 2, which comprises the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Board of Trade and Transporta- tion collects, preserves, and circulates information relating to the business of Cincinnati, especially the facts relating to its manufacturing interests; encourages wise and needful legislation, and opposes the enactment of laws likely to prove prejudical to the commercial and manu- facturing interests. It studies the work- ings of the system of transportation, and endeavors to remedy its defects and abuses, as well as to secure just rates of freight, the discontinuance of over- charges, and the prompt settlement of damages on goods shipped. It facilitates the adjustment of controversies between its members and others, and strives lo promote the industrial interests of the city. Its voting membership is about 300; the annual dues being, for firms. $30; for individuals, $20. Its rooms are No. 55 West Fourth Street, and are open every week-day. Visitors admitted. Boards, the various, of public offices will be found under the head expressing KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 13 the chief idea of the office ; e.g. , for Board of Aldermen, see Aldermen ; for Board of Education, see Education, etc. Bohemian Benevolent Associa- tion, composed of about 150 persons, who immigrated to this city from Bohe- mia, and who have united for mutual ben- efit. Its meetings are held every second Monday night at Arbeiter Halle. B Oman's is a name given to the for- mer homestead of Gen. M. S. Wade. In its day it was one of the finest villas in Ohio; but it has since degenerated into a lunch, beer, and wine resort for persons driving along the roads in Avondale, Wal- nut Hills, and the surrounding country. Bond Hill is a station on the Mariet- ta & Cincinnati Railroad, about nine miles from Cincinnati. It was located in 1870, and has a population of about 200. Bonds of Cincinnati are regarded by capitalists as securities as safe as those offered by the bonds of any Ameri- can city. The first bond was issued in 1834; and since that time the city has never failed to promptly pay its bonds at maturity, and has never issued a renewal bond. The fallowing statement shows the security offered by a Cincinnati bond: assessed valuation of real estate and personal property for the year ending June 30, 1879, about $172,874,000; valu- ation of property owned by the city, $39,- 432,000; amount of sinking-fund, June 3°. $* .333.338; cash in bank June 30, $207,300; total, $40,972,638: total bond- ed debt, June 30, $24,793,289; balance in favor of the city, $16,179,349. It may appear personal to mention names of in- dividuals in connection with these bonds; but, as a matter of fact, Albert Netter, 51 West Third Street, has handled more of the city's bonds, and is better informed on matters pertaining to the bonds and finances of the city, than any other per- son. Books relating to Cincinnati. — The chief works are : Notices Concerning Cincinnati, 1810, by Daniel Drake; Nat- ural and Statistical View of Cincinnati, 1815, by Daniel Drake; Cincinnati in 1826, by Benjamin Drake and E. D. Mansfield; Tales and Sketches from the Queen City, 1838, by Benjamin Drake; Cincinnati in 1841, in 1851, and in 1859 (three volumes), by Charles Cist; The Queen City, 1869, by George E. Stevens; Suburbs of Cincinnati, 1870, by Sidney D. Maxwell; Illustrated Cincinnati, 1875, by Daniel J. Kenny ; Cincinnati Illus- trated, 1879, by Daniel J. Kenny. " Bos- ton (Mass.) Daily Advertiser," July 28, 1879, published a four-column review of the city, by Moses King. The Encyclo- paedia Britannica and the American En- cyclopaedia have long reviews. (The above books and reviews can be seen at the rooms of the Historical and Philo- sophical Society.) Bookstores. —The principal general bookstores are those of Robert Clarke & Co., 65 West Fourth Street; Peter G. Thomson, 179 Vine; George E. Stevens, 39 West Fourth; Methodist Book Con- cern, 190 West Fourth; J. R. Hawley, 164 Vine; Perry & Morton, 162 Vine; and Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue. Bottoms, the.— That portion of the city, principally devoted to business, lying on the plateau between Third Street and the Ohio River, is now known as the " Bottom." What are known as Mill-creek Bottoms lie west of McLean Avenue, and south of Cumminsville. Deer-creek Bottom, now occupied by Eggleston Avenue, is a thing of the past. Boys' Protectory, situated at Delhi, eight miles west of the city, is in charge of the Brotherhood of St. Francis. It is a home for the education and mainte- nance of orphan and other destitute boys between the ages of five and seventeen years, who are taught the rudiments of an education, and a useful trade. There are about 200 children in the institution. The city office is cor. of Stone and Long- worth Streets. Bradstreet Co.'s Mercantile Agen- cy have a branch office at 78 and 80 West Third Street, employing more than 30 clerks under the superintendence of Levi C. Goodale. Bradstreet's issues a " Book of Reports" quarterly, showing the names and standing of every firm and corporation in the U. S. and Canada; a daily sheet showing failures, dissolu- tions, judgments, etc., and written re- ports about any firm or corporation. Over 9,000 inquiries a month are an- swered at the Cincinnati office, which is one of the 44 main offices scattered throughout North America. Breweries. — However favorable to total-abstinence principles a writer may be, he cannot neglect to mention in a description of Cincinnati the breweries 14 ICING'S FOCKET-DOOK OF CINCINNATI. sp: and distilleries, for they constitute two cf the most important industries cf the city. In regard to the breweries, it can be sr.id that in the year ending April i, 1C7.}, there were 27 cf them; having a total invested capital of $3,000,000, occupying real estate valued at $2,735,000, giving employment to 949 persons, and manu- facturing $5,237,561 worth cf beer. The visitor, whether a total abstainer orr.ct, shoulJ surely see some of the great brew- eries; f.;r ia no other way can he compre- hend the magnitude of the business done. Bridges. — Three immense structures an the Ohio River at Cincinnati, the most notable of which is the suspension bridge connecting Cincinnati with Cov- ington. It is the largest single span of its class in the world. The Cincinnati approach begins at Front Street, midway between Walnut and Vine. Water Street is crossed at a height of 15 feet by a bridge of boiler-iron. On the south side of Water Street is the anchor pit; and 300 feet farther on, at the water's edge, is the tower, 230 feet high, over which the gigantic cables pass. The towers are higher, and each contains more stone, than the Bunker-hill Monument. The distance between this tower and the one on the Kentucky shore is 1,057 feet- The bridge is 36 feet wide, and contains two ways for pedestrians, two carriage-ways, and a double track for street-railroads. The cables contain 10,400 wires, and are each I2j in. ia diameter, weighing nearly 2,000,000 lbs. The total length of the bridge is 2,252 feet. In the centre it is 103 feet above low-water mark. It was opened to travel in 1S67, and cost $1,- 800,000. The various lines of Covington and one line of Newport street-cars cross the bridge, which is five squares from the esplanade. Toll for foot-passengers, three cents. The bridge connecting Cincin- nati with Newport, Ky., is a mile east of the suspension bridge, and is 100 feet above low-water mark. The channel span is 405 feet in length. The structure is of wrought iron, and rests on 11 piers, and together with its approaches is 3,090 feet long. It was built for the Louisville Short-line Railroad, but contains also two ways for foot-passengers, and a double carriage-way, in which is a street-rail- road track for one of the Newport lines of horse-cars. The Cincinnati Southern Railroad Bridge, connecting Cincinnati with Ludlow, Ky., is used exclusively for railway purposes. It is about a mile and a half west of the suspension bridge. With its r."";-or.chcs, it is over a mile in length. It i.; cf wrought iron, and has five piers in the water, the longest span being 5:0 feet, r.:-.d the shortest 300 feet. It is 103 feet above low water. Brighton is that portion of the city extending from the junction of Freeman Street With Central Avenue, west to Mill Creek. It was originally the site of the former stock-yards ; hence its name. Thi Brighton House, a popular hotel with stock-raisers for many years, but now- torn down, was at one time the favorite suburban resort. The encroachments cf the city up the valley necessitated the removal of the stock-yards, and with their departure the greatness cf the hotel van- ished. Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, is within the limits of Brighton. The hcrsc-car stables cf the John-street, Baymillcr-strcct, and Seventh-street lines are located here. Erotherhood of Locomotive En- gineers, organised in 1855, has branches throughout the United States. The Cin- cinnati branch has about 100 members. It is a secret benevolent order, and since its organization has distributed over $t, 000,000 in benefits to sick and dis- abled members and their families. Bucktown, a name given to the dis- trict lying in the Dccr-crcck Bottom, cast of Broadway. It was formerly wholly inhabited by negroes and the low- est and most depraved class cf whites; hence its name. The march of factory improvement, the building of F.gglcston Avenue, and filling-up of the old canal, have driven many of its old inhabitants to other sections; and Bucktown will probably in a few years exist only in name. Builders' Exchange occupies rooms 55 West Fourth. It wasorrramzed in 1S73, for " the ccllcction and dissemination cf statistics and information of value to any or all cf the several trades engaged in the building business; the mutual im- provement and advancement of all arti- sans and tradesmen in their several avoca- tions connected with said business; the peaceable settlement of matters in dis- pute between contractors, sub-contractors, anl employers; the advantages of a gen- eral place of meeting for the transaction of business; the establishment and en- forcement of such lawful rules and methods of procedure as may be deemed for the best interests of the association KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. J5 and its various members: and to do any and all other things falling within the general scope of the business and pro- cedures of such associations." The dues are $10 a year. Building Associations, of which there are about 170, receive nearly $100,- 000 a week in instalments of 25 cents, 50 cents, and $1, on each share of stock. This money is loaned, at six per cent interest, secured by first mortgages or bonds, only to members. The interest is paid weekly, along with the instalments. It is decided to which members to loan the money by one of two systems, known as the "auction" and "drawing" sys- tems. In the " auction" the one bidding the highest premium has the right of ask- ing the first loan, the next highest bidder the second loan, and so on. In the "drawing" it is decided by lot in what order the loans are to be made. As a rule, only $400 is loaned to the holder of one share of stock, and by law no per- son can borrow more than $8,000 from any one association. These building associations enable persons of small in- comes to build homes, and also to derive a profit from their " deposits; " for when the societies close up, usually every six years, the profits are divided among the members, or " shareholders." Burial Places. — See Cemeteries. Burnet Residence, on the north-west cor. of Seventh and Elm Streets, is the old family mansion of the late Judge Jacob Burnet, who is famous among other things for ha\ing entertained in a most hospitable manner the distinguished visitors of his time. When the house was built, in 1824, it was the handsomest and most commodious family residence i:i the city; and the grounds comprised the whole square bounded by Seventh, Elm, Eighth, and Plum Streets. It is to-day one of those comfortable and roomy old- fashioned houses having a wide hall through the centre, and is occupied by a family keeping a few boarders. The grounds now comprise about one-fourth of the square. Burnet House, on the north-west cor. of Third and Vine Streets, has about 300 rooms in all, and accommodations for 600 guests. The hotel is on the Ameri- can plan, the terms being $2.50 and $3 a day. When built, in 1849.it was one of the most spacious and grandest hotels in the world. The building, including the terrace, fronts 212 feet on Third Street and 210 feet on Vine Street. It is six stories high, and has a dome 42 feet in diameter, and 100 feet above the base- ment floor. In 1875 the whole interior was remodelled, and is now up to the standard required of first-class hotels. The perfect management, the desirable location, and the superior accommoda- tions make it one of the most attractive hotels in the city. The Burnet has al- ways enjoyed the patronage of the most noted personages; and among its guests have been James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, U. S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, Prince of Wales, Lord Lyons, Duke of Newcastle, Louis Kossuth, Lewis Cass, John C. Breckenridge, Stephen A. Douglas, Salmon P. Chase, Horace Gree- ley, John Mitchell, Jefferson Davis, Gens. Sherman, Burnside, Sheridan, and Thcmas, Edwin Forrest, Edwin Booth, John E. Owens, Jenny Lind, Ristori, Charlotte Cushman, Carlotta and Ade- lina Patti, Formes, Grisi, Wachtel, Nil- sson, Cary, Roze, Gerster, Mary Ander- son, and many others. The numerous daily arrivals show that the Burnet is still a favorite hotel with the best class of travellers. On the Third-street side is the commodious and excellent Burnet-house Restaurant, where about 500 business men are accustomed to take theirdinncrs. The president is J. W. Dunklee, the sec- retary Albert G. Corre, and the treasurer T. W. Zimmerman. Burnet-woods Park lies directly north of the city, and about two miles from Fountain Square, and contains 163.T acres, about one-third of which is im- proved. The purchase was made in 1873, and the improvements begun in 1875. There is a lake of about three acres, used in winter for skating and in summer for boating. The improvements have cost $63,000. One of the wealthy citizens proposes to erect and stock, in the near future, a museum similar to the famous Kensington Museum in London, and one of the prominent knolls is suggested as the site. Free open-air concerts are given each week, the funds being provided by an endowment of $50,000 made by Wm, S.Grocsbeck. Horse-cars, — Vine-street and Elm-street lines. Butchers' Melting Association, organized as a joint-stock company by Cincinnati butchers in 1854, and buildings erecte ' at the intersection of John and Findl.'; Streets, in the region then known 1 6 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. as Texas. The association is now in few hands; and the surplus fat, which was formerly rendered into lard and tallow for the butchers, is at present bought by the association, and, after rendering, put on the market for sale. Association wagons collect all refuse fat, bones, and scraps from the numerous butcher-stalls throughout the city. Caledonian Society, an association for the purpose of assisting destitute Scotchmen and their families residing in this country. It was instituted in 1832, and numbers among its members about 40 prominent and wealthy Scots. It has a fund for the relief of members who may become needy. The officers are elected annually, and an annual banquet is held on St. Andrew's Day. California, a suburb on the east side of the Little Miami River, fronting on the Ohio, is in Hamilton County, eight miles from Fountain Square. It is a manufacturing place to some extent, and ihe home of a number of Cincinnati business-men. Population about 600. Camp Washington, now a portion of the twenty-fourth ward, lies between the site of the old Brighton House and Cumminsville, on both sides of the Cole- rain Pike. It received its name from having been the rendezvous of the First and Second Ohio Regiments at the be- ginning of the Mexican War in 1846, when it was a grove. It is now thickly settled, having a population of 3,000. The Workhouse and House of Refuge are here located. The Avenue horse-cars traverse its entire length. Canals. — The Miami & Erie Canal, begun about 1820, and popularly termed ihe "; Rhine," traverses the city in a south-easterly direction from Cummins- ville to tiue Little Miami R.R. Depot, where it tmpties through an under- ground tunnol into the Ohio River. From Canal Street and Sycamore Street to the river, it has been converted into an immense sewer, known as Egglcston- avenue Sewer. Through the city proper it runs south from McMicken Avenue on Plum Street to Canal Street, which should properly be called Eleventh Street. A right angle is here made, and an easterly direction is taken to Sycamore Street, whore the canal is lost in the sewer. The portion of the city north-east of this angle is settled by Germans, and is the district popularly known as " Over the Rhine." The Whitewater Canal •'as abandoned 16 years ago; and the rails of the I. C. & L. R.R. now occupy its '^ed, and the Central Avenue freight-depot iu on its basin. Carthage, a suburban village atom eight miles from Fountain Square, or tht C. H. & D. and the Dayton Short lint Railroads, contains many elegant private residences, and has a population of about 1,500 persons, most of whom do business in the city. It is approached by private conveyance by way of Spring-grove Avenue and the Carthage Pike. Long- view Insane Asylum and the city and county infirmaries are on the outskirts of the village, and the Colored Lunatic Asylum is within a short distance of it. Carthage Pike. — Leaving Fountain Square, the traveller passes northward on Vine Street to Hammond Street, in Corryville, which is the beginning of the Carthage Pike proper. Continuing northward, he passes Burnet-woods Park, Clifton, the Zoological Gardens, through Mt. St. Bernard, on to the junction with Spring-grove Avenue, a distance of five miles. Continuing, he passes Longview Asylum and the Colored Lunatic Asylum before Carthage is reached, a distance of eight miles. North of Carthage he passes the Hamilton-county Fair Grounds, the County Infirmary, through the beautiful suburb of Glendale, and on to Hamilton, in Butler County. It is a beautiful drive. The Vine-street Hill, which is over half a mile in length, can be avoided by tak- ing Spring-grove Avenue to the junction. Casino is a stone structure on the highest point of land in Eden Park. It is also called the Shelter House and Weather House. Its elevation is 420 feet above the level of the river; and a grand view of the park, the river, the city, Wal- nut Hills, Mt. Auburn, and Avondale can be had from its balconies. It is used as a place for rest and shelter in the park, and is supplied with chairs and cold water. See St. Peter's Cathe- Cathedral. dial. Catholic Institute Building, on the north-west cor. of Longworth and Vine Streets, is owned by a joint-stock com- pany, and contains the Grand Opera House on the ground floor, and Mozart Hall in the third story, besides the rooms devoted to the purposes of the institute itself, which are the propagation of the dogmas of the Church of Rome. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 17 Catholics. — This city is in the arch- diocese of Cincinnati, comprising all that part of Ohio south of 400 41'. The first bishop of this diocese was the Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, consecrated in 1822; after whom came the Most Rev. J. 13. Purcell as bishop in 1833, and archbishop in 1850. It is claimed, that, of the popu- lation of Cincinnati, 100,000 are Catholics. They own 39 churches, besides a number of convents, five academies for girls, two colleges for young men, and about a dozen chapels. There are 36 parochial schools, attended by 19,000 children. The follow- ing is a list of their churches and chap- els: All Saints, cor. of High and Court; Church of the Atonement, Third Street, near Central Avenue: Church of Blessed Sacrament, Walker-Mill Road; Church of the Holy Cross and Passionist Noviti- ate for English Catholics, Mt. Adams; Church of the Presentation, W. Walnut Hills; Good Samaritan Hospital, chapel of, Baum Street; Holy Angels, Torrcnce Road; Holy Trinity, Fifth, between Smith and Park (German) ; Immaculate Conception, Passionist Fathers, Mt. Adams; Ladies of Sacred Heart, chapel of, Clifton; Little Sisters of the Poor, chapel of, Montgomery Road; Orphan Asylum, chapel of, Cumminsville; Our Lady of Victories, Delhi; Protectory for Boys, chapel of, Delhi; Sacred Heart, Camp Washington; St. Agnes (Good Shepherd) Convent, Bank Street; St. Ann's, New Street (colored) ; St. An- thony's, Budd Street, near Harriet; St. Augustine's, Bank Street, between Bay- miller and Freeman; St. Bonaventura's, Fairmount; St. Boniface's, Cummins- ville; St. Charles Borromeo's, Carthage; St. Edward's, Clark Street, between John and Cutter; St. Francis, north-west cor. of Vine and Liberty; St. Francis de Sales, E. Walnut Hills; St. Francis Xavier's, Sycamore Street, between Sixth and Sev- enth; St. George's, Corryville; St. John's, cor. Green and Bremen (German) ; St. Joseph's, cor. Linn and Laurel (German) ; St. Lawrence's, Warsaw Pike, 21st ward; St. Louis', Eighth and Walnut (German) ; St. Mary's, Thirteenth Street, between Main and Walnut (German) ; St. Mary's Academy, chapel of, south-west cor. of Court and Mound; St. Mary's Hospi- tal, chapel of, Betts Street; St. Michael's, Sedamsville; St. Patrick's, Third Street, between Park and Mill; St. Patrick's, Cumminsville; St. Paul's, south-east cor. of Pendleton and Abigail (German) ; St. Peter's Cathedral, Eighth and Plum Streets; Sts. Peter and Paul's, Reading; St. Philomena's, Congress Street (Ger- man) ; St. Rosa's, E. Front, near Tor- rcnce Road (German) ; St. Stanislaus, cor. of Cutter and Liberty (Polish) ; St. Thomas's, Sycamore, between Fifth and Sixth; St. Vincent de Paul's, Sedams- ville; Sisters of Charity, chapel of, Cedar Grove; Sisters of Mercy, chapel of, Fourth Street, between Central Avenue and John Street; Sisters of Notre Dame, chapel of, Sixth Street, between Syca- more and Broadway ; Sisters of St. Clare, chapel of, Third Street. Catholic Religious Orders. — Brothers of the Holy Cross have charge of St. Joseph's College for boys, on Eighth Street, near Central Avenue. Franciscan Friars have their principal novitiate cor. Vine and Liberty Streets. The Brothers of this order have charge of the Boys' Protectory at Delhi. The Fathers have charge of St. Francis, St. John, St. George, and St. Bonaventure churches, and also of a preparatory school having 60 pupils. Jesuit Fa- thers have charge of St. Xavier's church and college. Passionist Fathers, an order of monks founded by St. Paul of the Cross, occupy the building on Mt. Adams formerly used by the Cincinnati Observatory. Sisters of Charity con- duct one of the largest and finest young ladies' academies in this vicinity. It is situated at Cedar Grove, on the Warsaw Pike. They also serve as teachers in the parochial schools, and as nurses in the Good Samaritan and other hospitals, be- sides having charge of St. Joseph's Or- phan Asylum at Cumminsville. Their principal novitiate is at Delhi. Sisters of Mercy have a convent on Fourth Street, bet. Central Avenue and John Street. It was established in 1858. These sisters visit the sick and destitute, the jails and hospitals, and provide a home and instruction for poor girls. Sis- ters of Notre Davie have their chief novitiate, or " mother-house," on Sixth Street, bet. Sycamore Street and Broad- way. Besides conducting academies at the " mother-house," and at the cor. Court and Mound Streets, they teach pupils of the parochial schools, and also manage the Mt. Notre Dame Academy at Reading. Sisters of the Good Shep- herd help unfortunate girls and children exposed to temptation. They have a refuge on Bank, bet. Baymiller and Free- man Streets, and a girls' protectory on Baum Street, bet. Fifth and Sixth Streets. Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, cor 1 8 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Third and Lytic Streets, take care of the sick in St. Mary's and other hospitals. Ladies cj the Sacred Heart, composed of highly educated ladies, give instruction to the children of the wealthy class. Re- cently they bought the handsome Ncff place in Clifton, and in it conduct their school. The Little Sisters of the Poor have their novitiate on the Montgomery Road. Their special work is the care of destitute old people, and they act as Good Samaritans whenever opportunity offers. Cemeteries. — Calvary Catholic, at East Walnut Hills, on the Madison- ville Pike; has about 12 acres. City, at Lick Run, three miles from the city. Colored American, at Avondale. Ful- ton, at Columbia. German Catholic, on the Warsaw Pike, 21st ward; about 12 acres. German Evangelical Protes- tant, Baltimore Pike, 24th ward. Ger- man Protestant, cor. of Park Avenue and Chestnut Street, Walnut Mills. Ger- man Protestant, Reading Pike, 3S miles north-cast of the city. Jewish Ceme- tery, at Clifton. Judah To rah. Re- formed Jews, at Lick Run. A". A*. Adath />>-riug Grove. See Spring-grove Cemetery. Union Baptist (colored), on the War- saw Turnpike, at Gazlay's Corner. Of- fice, 314 West Court. United Jewish Cemetery at East Walnut Hills, at the cor. Montgomery Pike and Duck-creek Road, comprises the " old" and " new " divisions, the new being well laid out in 377 family lots, and having room for 300 more; and the old being now reserved for the poor and members of the congrega- tions having no lots. The old pan was opened in 1S49, am' the new in i860. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills horse- cars pass within a short distance. Wcs- leyan, at Cumminsville, on the Colerain Pike. Office, 190 West Fourth Street. The cemetery belongs to the Methodists, and although small is well improved. It was opened in 1843, contains 25 acres, and has about 25,000 interments. Many pioneer preachers and laymen of the M. E. Church are buried here. Horse- cars, — the Avenue line. There are also several burying-grounds within the city, most of the bodies from which have been removed, but some marked graves remain. The old Jewish Cemetery at the corner of Chestnut Street and Cen- tral Avenue is walled in with buildings on Central Avenue, and a high brick wall on Chestnut Street; in the rear of Wesley Chapel, Fifth Street, between Broadway and Sycamore, the first bury- ing-ground in Cincinnati, are still some old graves; also on Court Street, be- tween Wesley Avenue and Mound Street, — the old Catherine-street burying- ground, — a few graves, surrounded by an iron fence, remain. Chamber of Commerce and Mer- chants' Exchange was organized to facilitate the settlement of disagreements between business-men. In 1839 its by- laws were adopted, and the organization perfected. From that time the associa- tion has held " a prominent place in the regard of business-men, and a place for the discussion of all leading questions of mercantile usages, of matters of finance, of laws affecting commerce, and, more than all, contributing to the formation of an elevated tone in business intercourse. It became, indeed, a kind of high court in the adjustment of questions growing out of or affecting commercial transactions, which otherwise would have led to expen- sive and aggravating litigations." The Chamber of Commerce continues to hold its place as a highly respected deliberative body and as a court of arbitration; but in 1846, by the appointment of a superin- tendent of the Exchange, it greatly en- hanced its usefulness. The duty of the superintendent is not only to have charge of the rooms, but also to collect informa- tion relating to commerce, finances, and industries, that may be of general interest and value, and to keep a record of mer- cantile transactions, and prepare tables of imports and exports. In 1850 a char- ter was obtained for the association, and in 1866 sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of a law enacted in that year by the Legislature of Ohio were adopted, and made part of the charter. There are honorary and active KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 19 members; the former being elected for life, and exempt from assessments or dues, and only one being elected each year. Active members pay the following yearly dues, besides an initiation fee of $10: Individuals, $30; firms, $30 for first part- ner, and $15 for each additional one; corporations represented by at least two officers, the first paying $30, and the others $15 each. A business house or firm may have one employee at the Ex- change free: each additional representa- tive pays $15. Subscribers to the Ex- change, i.e., persons not entitled to or not desirous of membership in the Cham- ber of Commerce, have the privileges of the rooms by paying $30 a year, or $20 for six months. Steamboats pay $15 a year for masters and clerks. Visitors in- troduced by members admitted free seven times in one year. The associa- tion has bought for $100,000 the site of the present post-office, but cannot get possession of it until the new post-office is completed. The rooms arc No. 22 West Fourth Street, and are open every day, Sundays and holidays excepted, from 9 A.M. till 6 p.m. ; and the " Change" hours are from 11 30 a.m. till 1 P.M. Charities, the, of the city, are too numerous to be described in this book. The most important may be found briefly sketched under their alphabetical head- ings; and they comprise the Cincin- nati, the Good Samaritan, the St. Mary's, and the Jewish hospitals; the Ohio Med- ical, the Miami Medical, and the Homoe- opathic college dispensaries; the Home of the Friendless, the Widows' Home, the Old Men's Home, the Children's Home; the Boys' Protectory, the Relief Union, and the Union Bethel; the Cin- cinnati, the German Protestant, the Cum- minsville, and the Colored orphan-asy- lums; the Longview, and the Colored lunatic-asylums; the City and the Coun- ty infirmaries; the Women's Christian, the Young Men's Christian, and the Young Men's Hebrew associations. Chester Driving-Park. — On Spring- grove Avenue, and five miles from Foun- tain Square, is one of the best-appointed half-mile race-courses in the country. The spring races are devoted to trotting, and the autumn races to running. The annual premiums offered average $30,000. The park is the properly of an associa- tion, and is well sustained by a large number of contributing members. It is easily reached by Spring-grove and Clif- ton Avenues, the latter passing through the delightful suburb of Clifton. The C. H. & D., the M. & C, and the Day- ton Short-line R.R.'s, pass the gates on cither side of the park. General admis- sion during races, 50 cents; grand-stand and quarter-stretch privileges, $1. The Avenue horse-cars arc run to the park. Children's Home, 192 West Ninth, provides temporary and permanent homes for neglected and homeless children, and secures suitable and permanent homes for them with Christian people in the coun- try. It is authorized to receive the legal care and control of children properly sur- rendered to it by parents, guardians, or the mayor; is supported by voluntary subscriptions and contributions; and pub- lishes " The Children's Home Record" monthly. The building and grounds, which are models of neatness and taste, cost $140,000. The average number of inmates is ico. Chimes. — The only chimes in the city are on the St. Peter's Cathedral, and con- sist of a set of thirteen bells donated in 1850 by Reuben R. Sprirger. They strike the quarter-hours with four strokes for each quarter, and play a tune every third hour. The Holy Trinity Church, on Fifth Street, between Smith and Mound, has a set of three bells; but they can scarcely be called chimes. Christ Church, the oldest Episcopal society in Cincinnati, came into existence May 18, 1817, in the parlor of Dr. David Drake, on East Third Street. Two war- dens and five vestrymen were then elected, among whom was William H. Harrison, afterwards president of the United States. At first the small congregation of 15 or 20 met in a room of a cotton-factory in Lodge Alley, close by the Tyler-David- son Fountain. From there they moved to the cor. of Fourth and Main Streets, and occupied a frame building belonging to the First Presbyterian Church. In 1818 they procured the use of a Baptist church on West Sixth Street, which after- wards was bought by the society. Christ Church was incorporated May 17, 1821, under the legal title of " The Episcopal Society of Christ Church, Cincinnati." In 1833 a lot on the north side of Fourth Street, bet. Sycamore and Broadway, 100 feet front by 133 feet deep, was bought at $90 per front foot; and in June, 1835, services were held in the new edifice, which is the same the society now occu- pies. This church is indissolubly linked 20 KING'S POCKET-ROOK OF CINCINNATI. with much of the history of the Prot- estant-Episcopal Church in Ohio, and has always been the strongest of the strong families in the diocesan confedera- tion. I. N. Stanger is the rector. Churches. — Although Cincinnati is not regarded as a church-going city, still it supports 106 Protestant, 48 Roman- Catholic, 6 Jewish, and several miscel- laneous congregations. The Protestant churches are less encumbered with debts than those of any other large city. 17 of the 23 Protestant denominations are wholly out of debt for their churches, while the debt of all the Protestant churches amounts to less than $115,000. The Protestant churches have a total membership of about 21,000, a Sunday- school attendance of about 25,000, and property valued at nearly $3,500,000. See Catholics, and see Jews. The various denominations of Protestants are referred to in their alphabetical places. There are, however, a few odd and unsectarian congregations, such as the following, with names of pastors when ascertained: Be- rean Baptist, 200 Vine Street; Bible Chapel, Longworth, bet. Central Avenue and John Street ; Methodist Protestant Chapel, George Street, bet. Cutter and Linn, C. S. Evans pastor; Union Bethel, 31 Public Landing, Thomas Lee pastor; United Presbyterian, Sixth, bet. Race and Elm, W. H. French pastor; Welsh Presbyterian, College Street, M. A. Ellis pastor. Church Region is a name given to the district in the vicinity of St. Peter's Cathedral, there being no less than ten churches wuhin a radius of one square from the Cathedral. Church of our Saviour, Protestant Episcopal, is a pretty little stone church on Evans Street, near Auburn Street, Mt. Auburn, which cost $12,000, and was first occupied in 1877. The rector is Dudley W. Rhodes. Cincinnati College was established in 1819; and a Lancaster school, organ- ized in 1815, was merged into it. About $40,000 had been subscribed for the foundation of a college and the erection of a college-building; but, by reason of bank-troubles, much of that subscription was never paid. Although part of the building was completed, and the college opened, yet in 1826 instruction was sus- pended for want of funds. It was re- opened in 1836, and continued for two years, when it was again closed, and remained so until 1841. The building was burned in 1845, and shortly after- wards rebuilt, largely by aid of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, which, in consideration of its aid, holds a perpetual grant of its rooms on the sec- ond floor of the building. In 1869, after the building was again damaged by fire, it was remodelled into its present shape. The college holds a very liberal charter, containing a restriction only against the teaching of denominational theology. The government is vested in a board of trustees elected yearly by the sharehold- ers. The capital is $125,000, in shares of $25 each, for which certificates were issued; but, as the stock was of merely nominal value, it is now difficult to learn who are the stockholders. The value of the property is about $200,000. The in- come is about $10,000, and is used chiefly to support the Cincinnati Law School and its library. The building is popu- larly known as the College Building, and is described elsewhere. The president is Bishop Thomas A. Jagger, and the secre- tary A. H. McGuffey. Cincinnati Gymnasium is one of the largest and best equipped in this country, and for many years there were none to compare with it. The main hall is 120 by 45 feet, and 35 feet high. There are reading and chess rooms, health-lifts, 17 hot and cold water baths, &c. The society, which was organized in 1853, has 700 members, each paying $10 a year. The president is E. P. Bradstreet, and the superintendent Ed. W. Murphy. The rooms are at 102 West Fourth Street, and are open from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily, except Sundays. Visitors admitted. Cincinnati Hospital, the, is one of the largest, most convenient, attractive, and best-managed hospitals in the coun- try. The building and grounds occupy two entire squares, extending from Twelfth to Ann Streets, bet. Plum Street and Central Avenue. There are eight build- ings, three stories in height, entirely separate from each other, yet connected by open passage-ways, and through th< basement. The buildings are arrange* on each side of the square, leaving in th' centre a large court-yard having an ele gant lawn and flower-garden, with foun tain and grotto. The hospital contain/ 500 beds. It is a city charitable institu lion, but pay-patients are received if separate rooms. The staff is compose> KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. of sixteen physicians and seven under- graduate internes. The latter are given these positions after a competitive exam- ination. In the large amphitheatre, capa- ble of seating 400 persons, daily clinical lectures from September to March are given, which all medical students are allowed to attend on payment of five dollars per session. There is a fine med- ical library of 4,000 volumes connected with the hospital, open to the medical profession free of charge. Strangers and friends of pay-patients admitted at any time, and friends of charity-patients on Thursdays. Cincinnati Insurance Co. of Cin- cinnati held its semi-centennial anniver- sary in April, 1879, and is to-day the oldest joint-stock general fire and ma- rine insurance company organized west of the Allegheny Mountains. At the semi-centennial the late Robert Buchan- an, who had been one of the first direct- ors, was present; and in the office of the company, No. 81 West Third Street, hangs an original copy of the Cincinnati " Commercial Daily Advertiser," con- taining the official announcement that the requisite amount of stock had been subscribed, and therefore the company was ready for business. The Cincinnati Insurance Co. has had a remarkable career of prosperity. For 50 years its dividends averaged 13 %; in some years reaching 32 %, and for the past year 10 %. The total premiums received have been $3,045,635, out of which $1,628,400 have been paid for losses. The president, Jacob Burnet, jun., has held the office for the past eight years; and the secre- tary, Charles Stewart, jun., is the succes- sor of William H. Calvert, who had been secretary for eleven years. Carpets. — John Shillito & Co.'s car- pet department occupies the entire third floor, and is reached by elevator. It covers more space, is better arranged and better lighted, than any carpet-room in America. Visitors will find exhibited all the newest designs in floor-coverings of all grades, from the finest Turkish rugs of great value, to the low-priced mattings of China. The patterns are the latest and most elegant that taste and ingenuity have been able to devise, the colorings rich and durable, and the brands the best in the market. Buyers should not fail to examine their stock, and compare their prices, before making selections. They will find in every in- stance that they can find a larger variety, better styles, and lower prices, than can be found elsewhere. Cincinnati University. — See Uni- versity of Cincinnati. Cisterns and Fire - Plugs. — 28g public cisterns, each having a capacity of 500 barrels, are scattered throughout the city. They offer an advantage of supply- ing water as fast as the steam fire-engines can use it, and also of providing a supply wholly independent of the water-works. There are 753 fire-plugs for the engines; and the water-pressure on some is sc great that water, without the aid of an engine, can be thrown 150 feet high. Citizens' Insurance Co. of Cincin- nati was chartered in 1851, under the name of the Clermont County Fire, Ma- rine, and Life Ins. Co., and was re-or- ganized in 1858 under the present name. Its aggregate premium receipts exceed $900,000, out of which about $450,000 has been paid for losses. Prior to 1875 the company declared dividends out of its net earnings to the amount of $71,731, which was credited on the unpaid capital stock. Since 1875 the cash di\ idends will average over 7% a year. The cash capi- tal is now $100,000, and the gross assets $126,734.50. The president is Lewis Glenn, elected in 1875; and the secretary is John B. Abernathy, elected in 1867. The office is at No. 79 West Third Street. City Building, so called, contains all the offices of the city government, with the exception of that of the fire-commis- sioners. It is located in the centre of the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, and Plum Streets, and Central Avenue. The Council Chamber occupies the central por- tion of the second story. The police- court room is on the first floor, at the north end. The north basement is used as a station-house, or place of temporary confinement, and the south basement as a repair-shop for the fire and water-works department. The building is six squares north-west of Fountain Square. City-Building Park is a small plat of ground improved and ornamented with a neat fountain, situated in front of the City Building. City Infirmary is an institution in which the city's aged and infirm paupers are cared for. The buildings, which are extensive and commodious, are of. the 2 2 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Infirmary farm, a quarter-section of land belonging to the city, west of ihe Car- thage Pike, and in the vicinity of Car- thage, about eight miles from Fountain Square. The Infirmary is under control of the board of police-commissioners, and is separate and distinct from the County Infirmary, which is in the same neighbor- hood. The farm is operated by the in- mates, and produces a portion of the pro- visions used by them. The inmates also make most of their own clothing. The net cost of maintaining the Infirmary is about $35,000 a year. There are now about 565 inmates. The nearest railroad station is Hartwell, which can be reached by the C. H. & D., and Dayton Short- line roads. City Officers. — The names of the city officers now holding office, who were elected by the people at the general city elections, are: Mayor, Charles Jacob, jun. ; city solicitor, Philip H. Kumler; city treasurer, Henry Knorr; police- judge, Moses F. Wilson; police-commis- sioner, J. H. Setchell; clerk police-court, Samuel Smiley, jun.; prosecuting attor- ney police-court, John P. Murphy. All the other city officers are appointees, either by the governor of Ohio, the courts, or the mayor. The several boards appoint their own subordinate officers. City Physicians. —Of these there are 25, each physician supplying a dis- trict corresponding with the number of the wards. Their duty is to visit the sick who are unable to employ^ a physi- cian or pay for medicine. The latter is furnished by a druggist in each ward, appointed by the health-department, at contract rates, on the prescription of the district physicians. The physicians re- ceive for their services $20 per month each. The number of indigent sick treated will average 8,000 yearly, and the number of visits made yearly will aggregate 50,000. The city physicians are also detailed for quarantine service when necessary, for which they receive extra pay. Clearing-House Association, the Cincinnati, organized in 1866, to relieve the banks of the necessity of sending messengers from one bank to another to collect and pay drafts and checks. Now- adays 17 banks and bankers send their "messengers" and "settling-clerks" at two o'clock P.M. to the third story of the building No. 70 West Third Street, and there in a few minutes, without danger of loss, transact the whole business that would otherwise require several hours and considerable risk. After the clerks hand to the manager the amounts due them by other banks, he settles with them by his checks on " debit banks," as those are called which have brought in a less amount of checks against other banks than were brought in against them. The clearings will average about $2,000,000 a day, and the balances about $200,000. The initiation fee is $50, and the dues $20 a year. Any deficit for expenses is made by a pro rata assessment on the amount of clearings for the year. James Espy is president, and G. P. Griffith vice- president. George P. Bassett, the man- ager, has held the same position ever since the clearing-house was organized. Clifton, north of Cincinnati and the Burnet-woods Park, a most beautiful sub- urb, and an almost continuous landscape garden, was incorporated as a town in the year 1849. It derived its name from the Clifton Farm, comprises about 1,200 acres of land beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and has a population some- what exceeding 1,000 persons. In its precincts there is neither shop, factory, nor saloon. It has over 17 miles of ave- nues, lined with fine shade-trees, 2,000 of which were planted in the years 1877 an<^ 1878; and this planting is to be continued from year to year. The Town Hall is a handsome brick structure, surmounted by a lower with clock. This building contains the public offices and the school- room. The school, though a public one, is known as the Resor Academy, and was established originally through the enterprise of the late YVm. Resor, one of the earliest residents of Clifton and al- ways identified with its interests. The main hall of the building is elegantly frescoed in the Pompeian style, and hung with choice photographs from works of the old masters and the modern painters, the gift of the mayor, Henry Probasco. The Ladies of the Sacred Heart have also a school for girls in a large stone mansion, with spacious and beautiful grounds, purchased at a cost of $160,000. Among the noted residences may be men- tioned those of Geo. K. Shoenberger, Henry Probasco, R. B. Bowler, Richard Smith, E. J. Miller, O. J. Wilson, Geo. W. McAlpin, Thos. Sherlock, Isaac Jor- dan, Theo. Cook, I. B. Resor, and Mrs. Win. Resor. The lalter's grounds are probably the best known in Clifton, being KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 23 in a high state of cultivation, and con- taining greenhouses filled with rare tropi- cal plants and a collection of curious orchitis. The residence of Mr. Probas- co is a grand structure of blue limestone in the Anglo-Norman style. The interior is in unison with the exterior, and is filled with many of the choicest paintings, stat- uary, rare volumes, illuminated manu- scripts, and other art and literary treas- ures. The owner is noted for his hospi- tality, and all travellers who visit Clifton find a welcome at his mansion. It is to Mr. Probasco that Cincinnati is indebted for the Tyler-Davidson Fountain, noticed in its proper place. Numerous handsome cottages, with attractive grounds, are scattered throughout the town, among them those of Mrs. James Bugher and A. W. Whelpley. Calvary Episcopal Church is the only edifice for public wor- ship. It is a neatly designed stone build- ing, having a memorial tower. The out- side is co%'cred with ivy, and presents a beautiful picture. The interior is well furnished, and handsomely frescoed, and decorated with Scripture mottoes. All persons have the privilege of quietly driving through the private grounds. The most direct route for vehicles is through Vine Street, Clifton Avenue, and Burnct-woods Park. Persons wishing to walk through Clifton can reach it by the Vine-street or Elm-street line of horse- cars connecting with the Cincinnati and Clifton Inclined Plane and the horse- cars. Ask for ticket to Clifton ; fare, 10 cents. The Dayton Short-line and Marietta and Cincinnati R.R.'s pass the northern boundary cf Clifton. Climate. — The climate of the city and surrounding country is similar to that of other localities of the same lati- tude and altitude in the Mississippi Val- ley. Meteorological data (or the year 1878 are given later in this book. The thermometer within the past six years has been as high as 103 degrees above (July, 1874), and as low as 10 degrees below zero (January, 1879). There has been little variation in general tempera- ture and rainfall during the last decade. The prevailing winds are from the south- west. The north-west wind is short-lived, the forerunner cf storms in summer, and the cause of cold in winter. The east and north-east winds have less moisture and more elasticity than similar winds cast of the Allegheny Mountains. Clothing Warehouse of James Wilde, jun., & Co., on the south-east cor. of Fourth and Vine Streets, is one of those establishments in which any city can take pride. The firm, James Wilde, jun., & Co., was founded in 1848, and ever since that time has, in its houses at New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago, sustained a reputation unexcelled by any house in the country for first-class work and honor- able dealing. The business of the firm has grown to vast proportions, and is spread over the whole country. It consists in manufacturing fine clothing for men, boys, and children. In fact, in clothing for boys and children the house leads all other manufacturers in the United States; and in this city there is no establishment carrying so large a stock in this line as James Wilde, jun., & Co. The manager of the Cincinnati branch is A. D. Wildman, who has been connected with the firm for 17 years. Colerain Pike, a continuation of Cen- tral Avenue. At the junction of Central Avenue with Denman Street, the site of the old Brighton House, it takes a north- erly direction, passing through Camp Washington, by the Workhouse and House of Refuge, through Cumminsville and Mt. Pleasant, on to Colerain town- ship, from which it received its name. Continuing, it passes through Venice and Oxford, in Butler County, where it is known as the Cincinnati Pike. The road is well macadamized. Coliseum, the, a variety theatre, situ- ated on the west side of Vine Stieet, bet. Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, in what was formerly known as Loewen Garden. The building, which is of frame, running back to Bremen Street, is one of the " Over-the-Rhine " theatres, where beer and cigars are the chief support of the enterprise. Prices of admission range from 10 to 25 cents. Seating capacity about 1,000. The Vine-street line of horse-cars, passes the door. The main entrance is on Vine Street. College Building, situated on the east side of Walnut Street, bet. Fourth and Fifth, is owned by the Cincinnati College. It contains a public hall known as College Hall, used for lectures and public meet- ings of all kinds; and also the rooms of the Young Men's Mercantile Library, of the Cincinnati Law School, of the His- torical and Philosophical Society, of the School of Design, besides offices, stores, and private schools. College Hill, one of the most attrac- tive suburbs of Cincinnati, is inhabited 24 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. mostly by business men of the wealthier class. Farmers' College, and also the Sanitarium, are located here. The dis- tance from Fountain Square is about eight miles. By private conveyance it is reached by the Avenue or Colerain Pike to Cumminsville, thence by the College- hill Pike, a beautiful road. A narrow- gauge railroad connects College Hill with the C. H. & D. R.R. at Winton Place, adjoining Spring-grove Cemetery. Rail- way passengers can get on the cars at the C. H. & D. depot, cor. of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, at Ernst Station, and at Cumminsville. College of Medicine and Surgery, the Cincinnati, on the north side of George Street, bet. John and Smith Streets, is a college of the regular school of medicine. Has two sessions a year, winter and spring. The winter session begins in October, continuing until March; the spring session opening in March, and closing in May. Fees for the course of lectures, $75; matricula- tion, 5; demonstrator's and hospital tick- et, $10; graduation, $25. Prof. D. D. Bramble is dean of the faculty. College of Music of Cincinnati was incorporated in 1878. It has a capi- tal of $50,000, and its stockholders are among the most influential men of the city: they support this important un- dertaking from purely artistic and public motives. The board of directors are: George Ward Nichols, president; Peter Rudolph Neff, treasurer; J. Burnet, jun., secretary; John Shillito, and Reuben R. Springer. The musical director is Theo- dore Thomas; and the faculty comprises some 35 professors, who teach in every department of the art and science of music, including the voice, theory, elocu- tion, languages, and all instruments, not excepting those of the orchestra. Many of the professors in the college stand at the head of their specialty, both here and abroad. The generous plan upon which the college is founded permits classifica- tion and subdivision of instruction, which insure economy in the cost of tuition and good musical results. The college has already had in this, its first year, re- markable success. It has taught nearly 600 pupils, and has trained the nucleus of a full orchestra of 50 men; and during the season 1878-79 it gave 12 symphony concerts, 12 public rehearsals, and 12 chamber concerfs. As a part of the in- struction of the college, and in order to produce choral works, there is a choi* numbering at the present time over 250 men and women. The college is held in the Music-hall building. The fall term begins Oct. 14. Further information can be obtained by application to Peter Ru- dolph Neff, treasurer. College of Pharmacy, the Cincin- nati, south-west cor. Fifth and John Streets. Organized 1870, and one of the ten recognized colleges of pharmacy in the United States. The annual course of instruction consists of six lectures a week, from the first Wednesday in Octo- ber to the second Wednesday in March. There is also laboratory instruction three afternoons each week during same period. Fees, matriculation, $5; professors' tick- els, $30; and graduation, $10. Colored Orphan Asylum provides an asylum for the protection, care, and education of destitute colored orphan children. The society was incorporated in 1845, and occupied an old house on Ninth Street for twenty years, until it bought four acres of land in Avondale, back of " Boman's," where the asylum still remains. Besides orphans, the soci- ety takes care, for a small consideration, of children who cannot be kept at home by their parents. When the children become sufficiently strong, they ar? apprenticed to responsible parties until they come to their majority. There are at present 31 inmates of the asylum, but the number at times is much greater. Charles Olmstead is the superintendent. Columbia, a village recently annexed to Cincinnati, and forming a part of the First Ward, is the extreme eastern limit of the city, and is at the mouth of the Little Miami River. The pioneer settlers of Cincinnati made their first settlemer: there, in 1788. It is easiest reached by the Liule Miami R.R., but is connected with the Elm-street horse-cars at Sports- man's Hall by a dummy track. Distance from the Esplanade, five miles. Commerce. — Cincinnati has from an early period occupied an important posi- tion as one of the great commercial cities of the interior. For the year ending Sept. 1, 1878, the approximate value of all imports was $223,237,157, and of all exports $186,209,646. Commercial Insurance Co. of Cin- cinnati is one of the oldest and most successful of the local insurance com- panies. It was organized in 1838, with a capital of $100,000. The gross assets an? KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 25 $215,776, making the surplus greater than the capital itself. The dividends paid will average more than 13 per cent. The president, J. A. Townley, has been connected with this company for nearly 25 years, first as secretary, and since 1875 as president, succeeding M. L. Harbeson, who resigned his position after a service of 17 years. J. Wilson Johnston has been secretary since 1875. Office, 67 West Third Street. Common Council, the. — The legis- lative branch of the city government is composed of a board of aldermen and a board of councilmen. It is presided over by the president of the board of alder- men, and in his absence by the president of the board of councilmen. It has no regular time of meeting, but can be con- vened any time by call of three aldermen and five councilmen. The principal work of the common council or joint ses- sion of the boards is the confirmation of appointments made by the mayor, and the approval of official bonds of city officers. Its meetings are held in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. Congregationalists. — Columbia Church, founded in 1867, situated at Columbia; membership, 123; D. Fisk Harris, pastor. Lawrence-street Church, known also as the " Welsh Congrega- tional Church," founded in 1840, west side of Lawrence Street, bet. Third and Fourth; membership, 125; Griffith Grif- fiths, pastor. Seventh-street Church, founded in 1847, Seventh Street bet. Plum Street and Central Avenue. It was formed by 37 persons, who in 1843 were at their own request dismissed from the Second Presbyterian Chcrch, and organized as the George-street Presby- terian Church. In 1845 it entered the basement of its present edifice, and then took the name of the Seventh-street Presbyterian Church. The corner-stone was laid July 16, 1845, by Rev. Lyman Beecher, D.D.; and the church was dedi- cated May 10, 1849, and has ever since been occupied by the same congregation. In 1 8 [6 action was first taken on the changing of the church discipline; and in the following year a re-organization, under the name of the First Orthodox Congregational Church, took place; but later the name was changed to the Seventh-street Congregational Church. The membership is about 250, and the pastor Frank S. Fitch. Storrs Church, founded in 1872, cor. of River and Mi. Hope Roads, in the 21st ward; mem- bership, 62; pastor, Horace Bushnell. Vine-street Church, founded in 1846, Vine Street, near Ninth. The building is a fine structure, well situated, and unencumbered with debts. 267 members. The pastor is Charles H. Daniels. Consuls of Foreign Countries. — Belgium. P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second Street; Denmark, P. H. Hart- mann, 53 West Second; France, Virgil Gilmore, no West Fourth; German Em- pire, Dr. Ottmar von Mohl (consul for the States of Ohio, Indiana, Kentuck) and West Virginia ; secretary, G. G Wolfram), 260 Vine ; Great Britain, R. Knight, 1 West Main; Italy, Dr. R. W. Saunders, north-west corner Fourth and Elm; Netherlands, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second ; Norway, P. H. Hart- mann, 53 West Second; Sweden, P. H. Hartmann, 53 West Second; Switzerland, Jaques Ritchie, 65 East Pearl. Control, Board of. — The duties of this board are to supervise the work of the county commissioners. It is com- posed of five members elected by the people. They serve without compensa- tion. The present members are, Wm. Dunn, president; Alex. Brown, Silas V. Hayes, Adam Geis, and E. K.Turpin. Corryville. — That portion of the 12th Ward from the top of Vine-street Hill to the Zoological Gardens, bet. Mt. Auburn and Burnet-woods Park. Cotton is one of the staple articles for which Cincinnati is rapidly becoming a great market. The value of the cotton crop of the United States is nearly $250,- 000,000, of which this city rece-ves about $12,000,000; and a good porti. n of the latter sum is expended here for nerchan- dise of all kinds. There is no coubt that the receipts at this market will greatly increase as soon as the Southern Railroad is completed; for Cincinnati is 0:1 the line- dividing the North and South, and is conveniently situated between the pro- ducers and the consumers. Moreover, the banks have the capital, and desire to encourage this trade; and the Cincinnati people, realizing its great impo-tance, do every thing possible to satisfy both ship- pers and buyers. The aggregate receipts for the year ending Sept. 1, ,'879, were about 250,000 bales; an merest over the preceding year of nearly 60,0 -o bales. The most prominent hous in the cot- ton-trade is J. H. Goodhart & Cc, estab- 26 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. lished in i860, whose office and large warehouse is at Nos. 65 and 67 West Front Street. Cotton Exchange, the Cincinnati, was established in 1871, to further the interests of the cotton-trade, to establish uniform rules and usages, to adjust con- troversies between buyers and sellers, and to secure co-operation in all measures thought advantageous to the cotton-trade. The room occupied is one of the Chamber of Commerce rooms; all members of the Cotton Exchange being also members of the Chamber of Commerce. The dues are $5 a year, in addition to the dues of the Chamber of Commerce. The president is George Seeman of J. H. Goodhart & Co. Councilmen, Board of. — The lower house of the Common Council holds reg- ular meetings on the first and third Fri- days of every month in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. It consists of two members from each of the 25 wards, one being elected by the voters of the ward each year at the spring election. Benj. Eggleston is president, and L. L. Sadler vice-president. Following are the names of the present members: 1st ward, George N. Stone, J. G. Stowe; 2d, Benjamin Eggleston, M. F.Thompson; 3d, Charles Doll, Austin E. Carr; 4th, John Heenan, P. T. Gleason; 5th, J. H. Drahmann, Philip Carrigan; 6th, James W. Fitz- gerald, Daniel J. Dalton; 7th, Leo Coh- nen, Julius Engelke; 8th, P. H. Duffy, A. F. Clarke; 9th, Benjamin H. Cox, John W. Legner; 10th, Michael Gramp, Bernhard Kuhl; nth, Jacob Doll, John J. Abbihl; 12th, David Schorr, Medard Fels; 13th, A. Birnbryer, Christian Schwier; 14th, Frederick Strubbe, W. H. Schrader; 15th, Lewis L. Sadler, Morris Bauer; 16th, Joseph Hand, Wil- liam E. DeCourcy; 17th, A. Q. Ross, Lewis Voight; 18th, William S. Hudson, George B. Cox; 19th, P. H. Maley, Wil- liam Stacey; 20th, J. Mahoney, W. N. Forbis; 21st, Harmon Teepen, Hugh Shiels; 22d, J. M. Ray, Thomas Q. Hildebrant; 23d, Albert Goettle, H. Wiethoff; 24th, John 1'.. Morris, Thomas J. Stephens; 25th, Armand de Serisy, J. C. firuckman. County Infirmary, the, on high ground north-east of Carthage. The buildings are new and commodious. The paupers of Hamilton County, outside the city, are there cared for. It can be •eached only by private conveyance from Carthage. It is supported by taxation upon the real and personal property in the county, outside of the city. County Jail, the, on Sycamore Street, between North and South Court Streets, east of the Court House, is in charge of the sheriff of Hamilton Coun- ty. It is a massive stone structure. All of the inside work, the cells, &c, are made of boiler-iron. Court House of Hamilton County is on Main Street, at the eastern termi- nus of Court Street. The structure is 200 feet square, and four stories high. Besides the common pleas, district, su- perior, and probate court rooms, it con- tains the offices of all the county officers, to wit: nine judges, the prosecuting at- torney, clerks of the courts, auditor, treas- urer, sheriff, coroner, commissioners, so- licitor, board of control, board of equaliza- tion, fee-commissioners, recorder, and the Law Library containing about 15,000 vol- umes. Notwithstanding all these, the im- mense building is not all occupied, sev- eral offices on Main Street and some back rooms remaining empty. Courts. — See Law-Courts. Covington is on the south bank of the Ohio River, opposite Cincinnati, and con- nected with it by the Suspension Bridge. It is, next to Louisville, the largest city in Kentucky, but it is practically a suburb of Cincinnati. It comprises 1,350 acres, and has 32,000 inhabitants. The princi- pal building is the U. S. Court House and Post Office, completed in 1879 at a cost of nearly $300,000. It is in the Gothic style, and handsomely built of Indiana limestone with Buena Vista sand- stone trimmings. In its construction, materials from fifteen States, and five kinds of marble, were used. The Odd Fellows' Hall is a good building. There are one high, four district, and twelve Catholic schools and convents, and also 29 churches, classified as follows: 4 Baptist, 2 Christian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Ger- man Protestant, 1 German Reformed, 8 Methodist Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, and 10 Catholic. The public library has 5,000 volumes. There are four newspa- pers. Four lines of horse-cars traverse the city, and all stop at Fountain Square, Cincinnati. Cumminsville, formerly one of the suburbs, is i,\ miles from Fountain Square, but now within the limits of the city, and constitutes its 25th ward. Its KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 27 name comes from one of the pioneer set- tlers, who cultivated the ground on which the village stands. The Catholic Orphan Asylum is located here, as well as several large distilleries. Three steam-railroads pass through it, — the Dayton Short-line, C. H. & D., and M. & C. Spring-grove Avenue and the Colerain Pike also bisect it. The Avenue line of horse-cars passes through Cumminsville to Spring-grove Cemetery. Custom House, the U. S., is on the south-west cor. of Fourth and Vine Streets. The building belongs to the United-States Government, and contains the custom-house, post-office, assistant treasurer's office, and United-States courts. It is built of Buena Vista free- stone, in the Roman-Corinthian style. It is much too small to supply the growing needs of the city; and the government has now in course of erection a building into which all the departments and courts above mentioned will be removed as soon as it is completed. See Government Building. Cuvier Club, organized in 1874 for the protection of game and fish and for social purposes, has a very fine collection of 3,000 preserved specimens of birds and fish. Its rooms, at 200 West Fourth Street, are commodious, and, besides the large display-room, include a small li- brary and reading-room. There are about 400 members, each paying $10 a year. Ladies and children can see the collec- tions every day from 9 to 1 o'clock, free. Visitors at other times are to be intro- duced by members. Dayton, Ky., a suburb of Newport, opposite that part of Cincinnati known as Pendleton, is largely inhabited by per- sons doing business in the city. It is regularly laid out, the houses being for the most part small and neat. Population about 1,000. Distance from Fountain Square by the usually travelled route, three miles. It can be reached by horse- car from the Esplanade. Deaf Mutes, the School for, is in the Second Intermediate School building, on Ninth Street, bet. Main and Walnut Streets. The school was established in 1875, and was started with 12 pupils. At the last session 32 pupils were in attend- ance, requiring the services of two teach- ers. The method of instruction is by sign-language and the manual alphabet. Until recently it was supported wholly by the city, but in 1879 tne State made an appropriation toward its support. Deer Creek, although almost lost to sight by being turned into Eggleston- avenue Sewer, is yet a stream, especially after a heavy rain. Its source is in the ravines of Mt. Auburn, about three miles from its mouth. For the distance of a mile or more the old creek has been trans- formed into a sewer, and empties into the Ohio _ immediately east of the Little Miami Depot. Delhi, a suburb on the river, about nine miles west from Fountain Square, is inhabited by persons doing business in the city, and by farmers from the sur- rounding country. There are many ele- gant private residences, churches, schools, and other public buildings. Population, about 2,000. The village can be reached by river, the Lower-river Road, and the Warsaw Pike. Dental College. — See Ohio College of Dental Surgery. Depots of Steam-railroads.— There are six depots into which all inward trains enter. Below is a list of them, the names being those by which they are most generally known: — C. H. & D. depot, cor. of Fifth and Hoadly Streets, reached by the Third- street and by the Baymiller-street lines of horse-cars. Kentucky Central depot, cor. of Eighth and Washington Streets, Covington, Ky., reached by Covington lines of horse-cars. Little Miami depot, cor. of Front and Kilgour Streets, reached by the Elm-street line of horse-cars. Ohio & Mississippi depot, cor. of Front and Mill Streets, reached by the Third- street line of horse-cars. Plum-street depot, cor. of Plum and Pearl Streets, reached by Third-street line of horse- cars. Southern Railroad depot, cor McLean Avenue and Gest Street, reached by Eighth-street line of horse- cars. The following is the list of railroads entering Cincinnati, and the depots into which they enter: — Atlantic and Great Western, C. H. & D. depot ; Baltimore & Ohio, Plum-street ; Bee Line (C. C. C. & I.), C. H. & D. ; C. C. C. & I. (Bee Line), C. H. & D.; Cincinnati & Eastern (Batavia N.G.), Little Miami; Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley, Little Miami; Cincinnati & Ports- mouth, Little Miami; Cincinnati & West wood (N. G.), C. H. & D.; Cincinnati, KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Hamilton, & Dayton, C. H. & D. ; Cincin- nati, Hamilton, & Indianapolis, C. H. & D. ; Cincinnati, Richmond, & Chicago, C. H. & D.; Cincinnati Southern, South- ern Railroad; Cleveland, Mt. Vernon, & Columbus, Little Miami; College Hill (N. G.), C. H. & D.; Dayton Short- line, C. H. & D.; Fort Wayne, Mun- cie, & Cincinnati, Plum Street; Grand Rapids & Indiana, C. H. & D.; Indian- apolis, Cincinnati, & Lafayette, Plum Street; Kentucky Central, Kentucky Central; Little Miami (Pan-handle), Little Miami; Louisville Short-line, Little Miami; Marietta & Cincinnati, Plum Street; Ohio & Mississippi, Ohio & Mississippi; Pittsburg, Cincinnati, & St. Louis, Little Miami; Whitewater Valley, Plum Street. Dexter Hall. — See Music-hall and Exposition Building. Dispensaries. — See Miami Medical College Dispensary, Ohio Medical Col- lege Dispensary, Homoeopathic Free Dis- pensary, Women's Dispensary Associa- tion, City Physicians, and Ohio College of Dental Surgery. Distilleries, as well as the breweries, are among the most interesting objects in Cincinnati. The amount of distilled and rectified liquors manufactured in 1878 in this city reached 17,890,766 gallons, val- ued at the almost incomprehensible sum of $18,528,415. Engaged in the business, there are 85 distilleries and rectifying- houses, with an invested capital of $4,- 180,000, giving employment to 900 hands, and paying last year a revenue tax of $7,793,625.80. The largest of these dis- tilleries, and second largest in the world, is that of James W. Gaff & Co., situated in the lower end of the city, bet. the tracks of the Ohio & Mississippi, the In- dianapolis, Cincinnati, & Lafayette, the Marietta & Cincinnati, the Dayton Short- line, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton, & Dayton R.R.'s, and about 100 feet from the Ohio River. The area of the distil- lery property, including the stock-pens and adjuncts, is 16 acres; and it has a frontage of 500 feet. The distillery has a capacity of 16,000 gallons a day, the pens for 4,000 head of cattle and 10,000 head of hogs; and the four-story bonded warehouse has storage-room for 30,000 barrels. When running at the full capa- city, the distillery employs nearly 100 hands. At 876 West Sixth Street is the large reclifying-house, where the same firm rectify and compound every grade of liquors. Visitors will be admitted, but only upon permits obtained at the office of J. W. Gaff & Co., room 22, Pike's Opera House. Drives. — The beautiful suburbs and excellent macadamized roads which abound both within and without the city limits, east, west, and north in Ohio, and southwardly in Kentucky, make it emi- nently delightful for recreation by car- riage or hoiseback. Perhaps the finest drive in the city, where only one can be taken, is that which leads via Hunt Street, through Avondale, past the Zoo- logical Gardens, through the Burnet- woods Park and Clifton, to Spring-grove Cemetery, returning by Spring-grove Avenue, through Cumminsville, to Foun- tain Square. This drive will occupy about three hours, and is replete with magnificent scenery and elegant private residences throughout its whole course. To those so inclined, a drive through Spring-grove Cemetery, which is reached by the Avenue, is very attractive. This drive may be continued on to College Hill, and a return made by way of Clifton, Avondale, Walnut Hills, and Mt. Auburn, returning to the city by Sycamore Street. Another beautiful drive is by the Harri- son Pike, through Fairmount, to Cheviot and Westwood. The Price's-hill drive is also delightful. The top of the hill is reached by way of Eighth or Gest Streets, thence west to Warsaw through a re- markably picturesque region, returning by the Lick-Run Pike, through the villages of Lick Run and Fairmount. There is a beautiful drive through Eden Park, via Gilbert Avenue. Continued, this drive will lead through East Walnut Hills and Woodburn; and a return can be made through Mt. Auburn. The Carthage Pike leads through Mt. St. Bernard, past Longview Asylum to Carthage; and a return can be made by Chester Driving Park, Spring-grove Cemetery, and Cum- minsville, by the Avenue. The finest drive in Kentucky is by the Lexington Pike to Latonia Springs, five miles south of Covington. These are only a few of the many drives, and either will well repay its cost to citizen or stranger. Carriage-hire varies in price, the average- price being $1.50 per hour for a hack carrying four persons; but the stranger would do well to make his bargain before- hand, to avoid imposition and trouble. The principal hack-stand is at the Cus- tom House, one square from the Espla- nade, on Vine Street. The livery-stables KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 29 charge for buggies $4 a day, but on Sundays and holidays $5. Druids, a mutual-benefit secret order, paying weekly benefits to its sick mem- bers. There are about 500 members in the city. Their assemblies are called "groves." Their principal hall is at No. 36 West Court Street, where four of the six Cincinnati groves hold their meetings semi-monthly. Duhme & Co.'s jewelry establish- ment is one of the mercantile places in the city where anybody can profitably spend hours in seeing elaborate and cost- ly works of art. Bronzes, statuary, gold and silver goods, precious stones, and ornaments, displaying the most exquisite skill and ingenuity, are here to be seen in an endless variety. The firm of Duhme & Co., now consisting of Herman Duhme and R. H. Galbreath, was estab- lished in 1836, and is to-day probably the most extensive manufacturers and dealers in their line in the West, and surely one of the most trustworthy estab- lishments in the United States. Their stores are on the south-west cor. of Fourth and Walnut Streets. Dinner Sets. — Nothing lends an air of refinement to the family dining-room more readily than exquisite table-linens. John Shillito & Co. now exhibit many new and beautiful designs in double satin damask table-cloths, with napkins to match. The patterns arc the most artis- tic ever woven, and include Arabesque, Moresque, Egyptian, Greek, Alhambra, and many other curious designs. All the choicest productions of the most cele- brated Irish, Scotch, English, French, and German looms are shown by this firm. Eagle Insurance Co. of Cincinnati began in 1850, under a perpetual charter, to do a fire and marine business. The paid-up capital is $100,000; and the assets July 1, 1879, amounted to $171,- 524. Since i860 its cash dividends have amounted to $171,000; an average of u' , a year. The office of the company is 73 West Third Street. Henry Kessler was one of the incorporators, and has been president of the company for 17 consecutive years; and Samuel P. Post has been secretary since 1865. The directors arc Henry Kcsslcr, J. M. Miller, William Wood, M. J. Townley, David Baker, John K. Green, and Samuel P. Post. East-End Garden, situated on the river-bank, at the eastern extremity of Pendleton, near the depot of the Columbia and Mt. Lookout dummy R.R., contains about 12 acres of ground, divided by gravelled walks into lawns, flower-beds, poplar-groves, and an orchard. It has been known by several different names. The public house attached was for many years called Sportsman's Hall, and the garden had the same name. Later it was Ohmer's Garden, n;:med after its proprie- tor, who converted it into a miniature zoological garden. For several years past it has been known as the East- End Garden. It was for many years a favorite place for picnics and pleasure- parties, for which purposes it is still fre- quently used. It is now known as Woodland Park. Eclectic Medical Institute, organ- ized in 1843, and chartered in 1845, has its building on the north-west cor. of Plum and Court Streets. The course of medical instruction is on the eclectic plan. Students have the privilege of attending clinics at the Cincinnati Hospital on pay- ment of $5. Eden Park, the largest of the city parks, contains 206 acres, all improved except 25 acres. In the park are located the large reservoirs of the water-works. The Eden-park and Walnut-hills line of horse-cars run through the park, and afford a pleasant ride and a number of the finest views of the surrounding coun- try. In the Shelter House is a well- appointed restaurant, where the sale of intoxicating liquors is prohibited. Eden Park was first improved in 1872, and has already cost $450,000. It is situated a mile east of Fountain Square, and is reached both by the Gilbert-avenue route of horse-cars, and the Mt. Adams and Eden-park Inclined Plane, with its con- nections. Open at all times, free. Education, the Board of, has ex- clusive control of the public schools, and is composed of two members from each of the 25 wards of the city. It meets every alternate Monday night in the Council Chamber, City Buildings. Dr. W. H. Mussey is president, and B. O. M. De Beck, clerk. The office of the board is in the Public Library Building. Fol- lowing are the names of the present members: First Ward, C. C. Archer, H. Garlick; Second Ward, Charles Bird, Wm. II. Mussey, M.D.; Third Ward, Louis Massman, jun., J. H. Rendigs; Fourth Ward, Wm. J. O. Neil, Daniel 3° KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Finn; Fifth Ward, Sam'l Bailey, jun., Thomas McLaughlin; Sixth Ward, John Hurley, John Frey; Seventh Ward, Frederick Raine, Wm. Kuhn; Eighth Ward, Thos. McFeely, M.D., Henry J. Berens; Ninth Ward, W. B. Davis, M.D., W. H. Falls, M.D.; Tenth Ward, R. Bingmann, Geo. A. Bauer; Eleventh Ward, Theo. Horstmann, L. C. Frintz; Twelfth Ward, Vincent Hess, Herman Eckel; Thirteenth Ward, Henry Brock- mann, Geo. Kreh; Fourteenth Ward, Chas. H. Stephens, Henry Bohling; Fifteenth Ward, J. W. Underhill, M.D., J. A. Remley; Sixteenth Ward, J. B. Callahan, Henry Alf; Seventeenth Ward, Isaac Simon, C. G. Jenner; Eighteenth Ward, G. C. Wilson, James Brown; Nineteenth Ward, F. Puttmann, Thomas F. Shay; Twentieth Ward, Jas. M. Ryan, I. H. Marrow; Twenty-first Ward, J. Fischer, W. B. Morrow; Twenty-second Ward, Thos. Davies, John Rothan; Twenty-third Ward, H. R. Landmeier, H. Behrens; Twenty-Fourth Ward, I. C. Wiltsee, Isaac Adler; Twenty-fifth, A. M. Streng, C. A. Miller. Eighth-street Parks are simply two open improved squares, extending on Eighth Street from Vine to Elm Streets, and cover a site originally intended for a market-place. Elections. —Under the laws of Ohio, two general elections are held each year: one, the first Monday in April, at which municipal officers are chosen; the other, the second Tuesday in October, at which the officers of the county, of the State, and of the United States, are elected. Elm-street Club, the, organized by George Moerlein, and originally com- posed of brewers and men connected with brewing interests. Its growing in- fluence in politics attracted many local politicians of both parties to the club, and it is now as much a political machine as it is a social club. There are about 250 members. The initiation fee is $5, and the dues $6 a year. The club has suitable rooms at 672 Elm Street. Emery Arcade, one of the largest in the world, extends from Vine to Race Streets, bet. Fourth and Fifth. It is a passage 400 feet long, protected from the weather by a glass roof. Along the sides are shops of all kinds, and the Hotel Emery; and at the Vine-street entrance is the Arcade Bookstore of Peter G. Thomson. Enterprise Fire and Marine Insur- ance Co. of Cincinnati has its office in its own building, 82 West Third Street. The building, in the late Norman-Gothic style, is one of the finest business struc- tures in the city, and is four stories in height above the basement. It contains 22 large rooms, many of them being very choice offices ; and the upper floors are reached by two staircases and an hydrau- lic passenger-elevator. The Enterprise Insurance Co. was organized in 1865; and from that time the management has been characterized by a degree of liber- ality and skill that has won it friends everywhere. Jan. 1, 1879, the paid-up capital was $300,000; the total assets, $412,196; the liabilities, including the reserve for re-insurance, $85,690; and the net assets, $326,506. Since its or- ganization the company has paid $2,341,- 586 for losses, and $207,000 for cash divi- dends. The president, John W. Hart- well, has been in the insurance business in this city longer than any other person now engaged in it, and has been president of this company since 1869. The secre- tary is James W. McCord. Equalization, the Boards of, are for hearing complaints, and equalizing the valuation of all real and personal property; but they cannot reduce the value of real property below the aggre- gate value as returned by the assessors. There are seven of these boards: viz., The Annual County Board, having jurisdiction over the property in each county outside of cities of the first and second class, and composed of the county commissioners and county audi- tor. The Annual City Board, having jurisdiction over property of cities of the first and second class, and composed of the county auditor and six citizens. This board meets at the auditor's office on the fourth Monday of May. Annual State Board for Banks, composed of the State auditor, treasurer, and attorney- general, who equalize the shares of in- corporated banks, and meet on the third Tuesday of June. A nnual State Board for Railroads, constituted as above for equalizing the valuation of property of railroad companies. Deecuuial County Board, composed of the county auditor, surveyor, and commissioners; who meet on the Tuesday after the first Monday of September, 1880, and every tenth year thereafter. They have power to equalize the valuation of property, outside of cities of the first and second class, as ICING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 31 returned by the district assessors. De- cennial City Board, composed of the county auditor and six citizens, who have the same powers in cities of the first and second class as the county board have in their jurisdiction. Decennial State Board meet on the first Tuesday of December, 1880, and every tenth year thereafter, and consist of as many mem- bers as compose the State senate. They are elected by the electors of each sena- torial district, and have power to reduce or increase the value of property as re- turned by the county auditors, provided such increase or reduction shall not ex- ceed 12.2 per cent. Ernst Station, also called Brighton Station, and Fairmount, is in the 24th Ward, where Harrison-avenue Bridge crosses Mill Creek. There is a small depot near the bridge. The C. H. & D., the M. & C, the Westwood Narrow- gauge, and the Dayton Short-line Roads all stop their accommodation-trains at this station. Embroideries, Cut-work, came into universal use in the 16th century, and from this was derived the origin of lace. The linen grave-cloths of St. Cuthbert, as described by an eye-witness to his dis- interment in the 12 th century, were orna- mented in this manner. Elegant patterns can be procured from John Shillito & Co. Esplanade, the, is situated in the centre of Fountain Square. The Tyler- Davidson Fountain springs from the cen- tre of it. The Esplanade is a raised structure, 28 inches above the crown of the street. It is oval in form, extending the entire length of the square, 400 feet, and is 60 feet in width. The outer rim, and the steps approaching it, are made of hewn Quincy granite. The floor is made of Buena Vista sandstone, smooth dressed, and laid in diamond and circular designs. Within the granite rim, at distances of 20 feet, is a row of thrifty young sycamore- trees. Between the trees, around the entire structure, are ornamented bronze gas posts and lamps, which are lighted every night. The cost of the Esplanade was $75,000. Unless otherwise stated, the distances given in this book are cal- culated from this point. All the horse- cars pass by or close to it. Etching Club, formed March, 1879, Dr. Daniel S. Young, president, meets every second Saturday, 4 P.M., at the studio of H. F. Farny, Room 62, Pike's Opera-House Building. Dues nominal. Members use the press in the studio for taking impressions of their etched plates. Embroideries. — We have through- out the Old Testament constant mention of embroidery. The curtains wrought with needlework, in Exodus, the virtu- ous woman clothed in tapestry, of the Proverbs, and the king's daughter in rai- ment of needlework, in the Psalms, plainly show how much the art was appreciated by the Jews. The ancient Greeks highly esteemed it. Minerva, Goddess of Wis- dom, took it under her special patronage. Till a very late date, great attention has been given to this art. For choice speci- mens, see the collection offered by John Shillito & Co. Exposition, the Cincinnati Indus- trial, is an annual exhibition of arts, manufactures, agriculture, mining prod- ucts, and other industries, foreign and domestic. These annual expositions are public institutions, guaranteed by sub- scriptions, and are in no sense a private speculation. They are managed by a board of fifteen commissioners appointed by the Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Trade, and the Ohio Mechanics' Insti- tute, and the officers for 1879 are Edmund H. Pendleton president. James H. Laws vice-president, John Simpkinson treas- urer, and H. McCollum secretary. The first six expositions of the present series were held in a building erected for the National Saengerfest in 1870, on the site of the present Music-hall and Exposi- tion Building. The first exposition was held in 1870, and followed a successful textile-fabric exhibition held in 1869. The textile-fabric exposition was originated and managed by James H. Laws, and was the first of its kind in this coun- try. From 1870 to 1875 inclusive, the expositions were held in the same build- ing; but in the latter year the old build- ing was thought unsafe, and consequently abandoned. At this time Reuben R. Springer came forward with his munificent plan for a combined Music-hall and Ex- position Building. An interval of four years elapsed before the completion of the new buildings; but delay has only increased the enthusiasm for Iheir re- sumption, and the seventh exposition (in 1879) w>" De held in the largest and most beautiful and suitable permanent build- ings of this kind in the United States. The average attendance on the first six expositions was in round numbers 32 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 500,000 persons. The expositions are self-supporting, and are secured by a guaranty fund of $100,000 each year. There are eight acres of exhibiting space in the building. Very liberal premiums are offered in all departments open to competition. Special excursion-trains make frequent trips on the railroads en- tering the city, carrying passengers at half rates, and often at round-trip rates much less. The expositions open as nearly as possible on the 10th of Septem- ber each year, and last one month. Ad- mission, 25 cents. Elm-street cars pass the doors, Vine-street and John-street cars close by. See Music Hall. Express Companies, the chief, are, The Adams, 57 W. Fourth. The American, 118 W. Fourth. The Baltimore & Ohio, 59 W. Fourth. The Marietta & Cincinnati, 59 W. Fourth. The Ohio & Mississippi, 59 W. Fourth. The United States, 122 W. Fourth. Expressmen's Aid Society, organ- ized in 1874, is a co-operative life assur- ance association; Alfred Gaither, Cincin- nati, president. Fairmount, formerly a suburban vil- lage, but now within the corporation, forming a part of the 24th ward, is on the west bank of Mill Creek, opposite Ernst Station. The Harrison Pike and Lick-run Pike pass through the village. It is surrounded by high hills, on the summit of one of which is the old Baptist College, now transformed into a German club-house, and called the " Schiitzen- platz," from which a charming view of the city and surrounding country in all directions can be had. The Westwood Narrow-gauge Railroad has a terminus here. Farmers' College originated in Pleasant-hill Academy, founded, and con- ducted for 12 years, by F. G. Cary, as a private enterprise. It was opened in 1833, with four pupils, in the residence of Mr. Cary. It prospered constantly, and during the first 12 years almost 1,200 young men were educated there. In the winter of 1846-7 the academy was incor- porated as the " Farmers' College:" and a substantial building 120 feet front by 48 feet deep was erected on a tract of four acres on College Hill. Mr. Cary was elected president. The institution is now divided into two departments, — the col- lege department, comprising the following courses: the classical of four years, the philosophical of four years, the scientific of three years, the ladies' classical of three years, and the teachers' course of one year; and the preparatory depart- ment, fitting boys and girls for the college department. The college is a Protestant institution, but is not at all sectarian. There are two terms, of 20 weeks each, beginning Sept. 3. In the year 1878-79 there were in the whole college 92 stu- dents. Rev. John B. Smith is president of the college, and Miss Abby A. Judson principal of the preparatory department. Fruits. — J. T. Warren & Co. is now one of the oldest establishments in the West. The specialties of the firm are canned fruits and vegetables, foreign and domestic dried fruits and vegetables, sauces, spices, and extracts, table delica- cies and grocers' sundries. It is stated that such is the variety in the warehouses, 64 and 66 West Second Street, a handsome dinner could be served, commencing with soup, followed by fish, meats, vegetables in due course, to which could be added a varied dessert of fruits followed by coffee and cream, ending up with a fragrant cigar. Jobbers and retailers will be am- ply repaid the trouble of a visit. Ferries. — Since the completion of three bridges over the Ohio, the ferries have lost most of their former business. The usual fare for pedestrians is two cents ; but the ferries make half-hourly trips between midnight and daylight, during which time the fare is five cents. There are now four lines, as follows: Ander- son's Ferry, six miles down the river, and used principally by Kentucky farmers bringing their produce to market; Cov- ington Ferry, with its Cincinnati landing at the foot of Central Avenue; Ludlow Ferry, starting from the foot of Fifth Street, and landing at the eastern limit of Ludlow, Ky. ; and the Newport Ferry, with its landing in this city at the foot of Pike Street. Skiffs and small craft carry- ing passengers at reasonable rates are available at all places on the river from Columbia to Riverside. Fertilizer Company, the Cincin- nati, has its sheds in the O. & M. and I. C. & L. R.R.'s, six miles west of the city, on the river-bank. By a contract with the city this company gathers and consumes all the garbage, offal, and dead animals found within the city limits. These are manufactured into a fertilizer, soap-grease, bone-dust, &c, and shipped KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 33 to the South, East, and to Europe. The enterprise is quite profitable, both to the city and the Fertilizer Company. Fire-Department, the, of Cincin- nati, is acknowledged to be one of the best equipped and most efficient in the world. It was the first paid steam fire- department in this country, and was or- ganized in 1853. It consists ot 18 steam- engines, 1 hand-engine, i chemical-en- gine, 5 hook-and-ladder companies, all in use, beside 2 steam-engines in reserve, 40 hose- reels, 34,250 feet of hose, 95 horses, and a total of 154 men. During the year 1878 there were 391 alarms, with losses aggregating only $515,310, and in- surance of $388,902. It is managed by a board of five commissioners, appointed by the mayor, and confirmed by the Common Council. The fire-marshal is Joseph Bunker, who has been connected with the fire-department since 1854. The headquarters are on the south side of Sixth, between Vine and Race Streets. See Cisterns. Firemen's Insurance Co. of Cin- cinnati, incorporated in 1832, has always maintained a leading position among the local insurance companies. The corpo- ration was formed by a subscription of stock by the fire-engine companies of the city. The first president of the company was George W. Neff, who managed its affairs until his death in 1850. He was succeeded by Josiah Lawrence, at whose death in 1852 Henry E. Spencer, who had been mayor of the city four consecu- tive terms, from 1843 to 1851, was elected. Mr. Spencer is still president, and conse- quently has held the position for 27 years. The terms of the three presidents extend over a period of 47 years. George McLaughlin has been secretary of the company since 1864. Its dividends in the last 25 years have averaged 18 % per annum; and in one year (1863) the cash dividends paid the stockholders amount- ed to 41 %. First Congregational (Unitarian) Church was incorporated in 1830. The society has been administered to, and has had its pulpit occupied at various times, by many distinguished persons, among whom were Revs. John Pierpont, Wm. H. Channing (during whose stay the congregation was spoken of as " the Church of the Christian Brethren''), James H. Perkins, Horace Mann, James Freeman Clarke, Henry W. Bellows, Theodore Parker, Ralph Waldo Emer- son, Abiel A. Livermore, Moncure D. Conway, C. G. Ames, John Weiss, Sam- uel Longfellow, Robert Collyer, Thomas Vickers, and C. W. Wendte. The soci- ety prospered harmoniously until 1859, when the preaching of Mr. Conway cre- ated a decided opposition to him. The opponents formed " the Church of the Redeemer," and bought the Universalist Church, cor. of Mound and Sixth Streets. The First Society worshipped in various places until, in Mr. Vickers's ministration, the church was built on the north-east cor. Plum and Eighth Streets, now the only church occupied by the Unitarians. In 1875 a re-union of the two congrega- tions took place under the present pastor, C. W. Wendte; and since then the build- ing has been modernized, and the mem- bership increased. The officers and trus- tees of the church are Judge Fayette Smith, president; Zeph Brown, treas- urer; John D. Caldwell, secretary; Theo. Stan wood, Michael Tempest, and M. E. lngalls. First Presbyterian Church. — The history of this church runs parallel with that of the city, or rather is inseparably interwoven with it. The three pioneer settlers of this vicinity were all mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church, and, in laying out the plan of their future city, did not forget its claims. They set aside for its use a plat of ground occupying the south half of the square bounded by Main and Walnut and Fourth and Fifth Streets, on part of which the present church is built. Until 1793 the congrega- tion worshipped on this ground, " with no dome but the canopy of heaven, no aisles but the majestic trees of the ancient for- est, and no carpet but the greensward." In this year, through the exertions of James Kemper, their first regular minis- ter, a meeting-house was erected, " a sub- stantial frame building, about 40 feet by 30, enclosed with clapboards, but neither lathed, plastered, nor ceiled. In that humble edifice the pioneers and their families assembled for public worship; and during the continuance of the war they always attended with loaded rifles by their side." About a quarter of a century after, this structure was removed, and a brick church built in its place ; and this in turn was replaced in 1851 by the beautiful edifice that now stands on the old site. It is said to have the highest steeple in the country, viz., 285 feet. Very little of the spacious grounds it once owned has been retained by the 34 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. church; and little by little the land in- cluding the burial-ground has been sold, until now the church is surrounded by business blocks. The membership is be- tween 200 and 250, who have since last spring been without a regular pastor. Flower-Mission, formed by ladies of the city and suburbs to supply the sick poor with flowers sent, chiefly by ladies residing outside the city proper, to the Young Men's Christian Association Building, where they are arranged, and afterwards distributed to the patients in the hospitals, by ladies who meet weekly for this purpose. This is one of the most unostentatious yet useful of the many lo- cal charities. See St. John's P. E. Church. Foresters, Independent Order of, is an organization having weekly sick- benefits and an insurance feature; $1,000 being paid to the family of a deceased member, and $5 per week during sick- ness. The lodges are called " courts," of which Cincinnati has seven; each having an average of 50 members. Annual dues, $3; each death assessment, $1. Fort Washington, a block-house and large enclosure of pickets, was erected about 1790 for the early settlers of Losante- ville (now Cincinnati), and dignified by the name of Fort Washington. It was intended for a protection against the sav- ages, and was large enough to contain the entire population, with provisions to stand a siege. It was directly opposite the mouth of Licking River, on high ground, the village then lying on the plateau toward the river. The fort stood, according to the testimony of the oldest inhabitants, on Third Street, bet. Broad- way and Ludlow Street, extending south- ward almost to Columbia or Second Street. After standing a few years it was dismantled, and the site soon after- ward covered with buildings, the ground having been subdivided by the govern- ment, and sold. Fountains. Fountain. Fountain Square. —The square bet. Walnut and Vine, on Fifth Street, the site of the old Fifth-street Market-house, and the present site of the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson Fountain. The street in this square, and the one adjoin- ing it on the east, which is occupied by the government buildings now in course of erection, is 60 feet wider than the See Tyler - Davidson remainder of Fifth Street, having been designed for, and for fifty years or more occupied by, a market-house, which was in the middle of the street. Both sides of the square are lined with handsome business-houses. Every line of horse- cars passes by or within one block of this square. Its location in the heart of the business portion of the city, and its gen- eral accessibility, have led the publisher to adopt it as the point from which most of the distances mentioned in this work are computed. Friends. — There are two churches, one known as the Hicksite Congregation, Fifth, bet. Central Avenue and John; and the other as the Orthodox Congrega- tion, Eighth and Mound. Fry's Carving-School is over Wm. Wiswell's art-store, No. 70 West Fourth Street. It is conducted by Henry L. Fry, assisted by his son William H. Fry, and granddaughter Laura Ann Fry. Some of the most exquisite wood-carv- ing ever executed in this country is that by the parties just named. The three generations are masters in their line of work; and the last generation promises best of all, for Miss Fry has already shown extraordinary skill and taste in wood-carving, drawing, and modelling. The Frys did a large part of the elaborate carving in Henry Pro- basco's residence in Clifton, and of the casement of the great organ in Music Hall. Instruction is given daily from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.; terms, $10 per month for lessons two days each week. Art- furniture of all kinds is also made to order, and many specimens of the handi- work of this family are to be found in various parts of the United States. Fulton, that portion of the city on the river-front lying south-east of Eden Park at the foot of the hills, commencing at the Little Miami R.R. depot, and extend- ing north-east to Pendleton. It comprises a portion of the 4th Ward. The Elm- street horse-cars and the Little Miami R.R. traverse the district. Fulton is built on both sides of East Front Street, which, after crossing Washington Street, is known as Eastern Avenue. Furniture Exchange, established in the interest of manufacturers of furniture throughout the United States, and of per- sons engaged in kindred branches of in- dustry. It occupies room No. 48, Pike's Opera-house Building. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 35 Garden of Eden. — This was the name of a portion of the ground now occupied by Eden Park when it was the property of the late Nicholas Longworth, and is still so called by many old residents. Much of the ground was formerly used as a vineyard, and a large proportion of the grapes used in the wine manufactured by Mr. Longworth was cultivated on its sunny hillsides. Gas. — The Cincinnati Gas-light and Coke Company is the name of a joint- stock corporation having a monopoly in supplying the city with illuminating gas. It was established in 1841; and, by con- tract with the city, was granted the ex- clusive right to lay gas-mains in the streets for a period of 25 years. At the expiration of that period the city had the privilege of buying the works at a fair valuation, but preferred to extend the original privileges to the company for 10 years, the price of gas to con- sumers being largely reduced by the terms of the extension. Gas is now fur- nished to citizens at from $1.75 to $2.25 per 1,000 cubic feet. It is made of the best quality of second-pool Youghiogheny, or Pittsburg bituminous coal, and is of 17-candle power. The office of the com- pany is in an elegant five-story freestone building, south-west cor. of Fourth and Plum Streets. The works are on the river-front, bet. Smith and Mill Streets. 200 miles of street-mains are in use; the longest main extending eight miles to Carthage, from which a branch reservoir is supplied to light that village. The streets of the city are lighted by 6,000 street-lamps, under control of the com- pany. The amount of gas manufactured yearly is 500,000,000 cubic feet. Of this 1 35 per cent is lost by leakage and other waste. The invested capital of the com- pany is $4,250,000. Value of the works and appurtenances estimated at $6,000,- 000. Gen. Andrew Hickenlooper is pres- ident. German Evangelical Protestant Churches. — Camp Washington, Camp Washington, John A. Vos, pastor; Ger- man Prot. Evangelical, Undercliff; St. Lucas, Third Street, opposite Parsons, P. G. Gerber, pastor; St. Martini, River Road, 21st Ward, E. Gunthurm, pastor; St. Mathias, Elm and Liberty Streets, J. F. Kammerer, pastor; Texas, Clark and Freeman Streets, G. J. Kannmacker, pastor; Third, Walnut, bet. Eighth and Ninth Streets, Carl Tuercke, pastor. German Evangelical Union Churches. — St. Paul's, Race and Fif- teenth Streets, Eduard Voss, pastor; St. Peter's, McMicken Avenue and Main Street, H. W. Pohlmeyer, pastor; Zion, Bremen and Fifteenth Streets, W. Beh- rendt, pastor. German Protestant Orphan Asy- lum has its building in Mt. Auburn, on Highland Avenue, opposite the Widows' Home. It was established in 1849, and is under control of a board of trustees chosen from the various German Prot- estant denominations, and is supported chiefly by an endowment-fund, contribu- tions, and by subscriptions from nearly 1,000 members. The building is a red brick of three stories and a basement, and is quite commodious. The grounds con- tain seven acres, well cultivated. Sepa- rate from the main building, there is also a large dining-hall used every spring and autumn for a festival which is sometimes attended by 20,000 people, each of whom is expected to donate something. The receipts at one of these festivals have amounted to $10,000. The provisions used at the festivals are donated and pre- pared by ladies. Children having one parent living are admitted if the father is or was a member in good standing. The average number of inmates is about 100. At a proper age, children are placed in families, or to learn a trade; and a boy or a girl at 18 years of age receives $100. There are branches of the society in Cov- ington and Newport. Germania Fire and Marine Insur- ance Co. of Cincinnati was organized in 1864. Its cash capital is $100,000, and assets $139,655. Since 1870 it has paid cash dividends of $108,000, being an average of 12 % a year. The president is Peter A. White; the secretary is D. B. Meyer, who has been assistant secretary or secretary since its organization; and the assistant secretary is Charles A. Farnham. Office, 27 West Third Street. The Germania is one of the few local companies doing an agency business, and has now about 30 agencies in Ohio and Michigan. German Reformed Churches. — First German Reformed, Elm and Fif- teenth Streets, J. Bachman, pastor; Ger- man Evangelical Reformed, Salem, cor. Orchard and Sycamore Streets, J. Heck- mann, pastor. Gibson House, on the north-west cor. of Fourth and Walnut Streets, for many 36 ICING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. years has been, and is to-day, one of the most popular of the hotels in Cincinnati. In size it is the largest in the city, and for cleanliness in every department it cannot be surpassed by any in this coun- try. The hotel has 300 well-furnished rooms, and has accommodated 880 per- sons at one time. In 1873 the whole ex- terior and interior were remodelled; and now the Gibson House is one of the most imposing blocks in Cincinnati. In 1879 the hotel was refrescoed and refitted, and is now in excellent condition throughout. It is probably the most conveniently situ- ated of the large hotels, and all lines of horse-cars pass either by or close to the house. The management of the hotel is all that could be desired; for the proprie- tors are Oliver H. Geffroy, who has been connected with the house for 25 years, and William Gibson, the brother and suc- cessor of John B. Gibson, who was Mr. Geffroy 's former partner. The terms are $2.50 and $3 a day, the hotel being kept on the American plan. Globe Insurance Company of Cin- cinnati was organized, under the general insurance laws of Ohio, in 1865. The cash capital paid in was $52,700. Up to July 1, 1879, the Globe has paid $297,138 for fire-losses ; $194,572 for cargo-losses; $77,683 for hull-losses; and $2,778 for flatboat-cargo losses; mak- ing a total payment of $572,171 for losses. The balance of its capital stock of $100,- 000 and its surplus of $26,944 have been earned by the company; and, in addition to this, $159,000, free of taxes, has been paid to the stockholders for dividends; making the total earnings amount to $214,844. S. F. Covington, the presi- dent, has been connected with the Globe since its organization, and was its first secretary. The present secretary is Robert \V. Stewart. Solomon Levi and Samuel J. Hale have been directors of the company fvym the beginning. The Globe bought its office building, No. 68 West Third Street, in 1865. Good Fclows, Ancient Order of. — There are 15 lodges of this order within the limits of Cincinnati and suburbs; the membership being mostly composed of Germans, or citizens of German descent. The lodges will average about 70 members each. Sick members receive benefits of $5 per week. Good Samaritan Hospital is a no- ble charity. The building is delightfully situated on the south-east cor. of Sixth and Lock Streets, on the Mt. Adams slope. It was built by the U. S. Govern- ment for a marine hospital, but was never used for that purpose. During the late war it was a soldiers' hospital; and after the close of the war the property, which is said to have cost the government about $500,000, was bought by Lewis Worth- ington and Joseph C. Butler for $75,000, and given to the Sisters of Charity, one branch of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul. There are accommodations for 175 resident patients. Diseases of all kinds are treated. The donors stipulated that one-half of the beds should be open to the poor if calls were made for them ; and now from 300 to 500 charity patients are cared for each year in the hospital. Sister Anthony, who has lived in Cincin- nati for 43 years, and has been connected with the hospital for 22 consecutive years, says that she feels compelled to receive any one who comes there, — a resident or stranger, with or without money, and of any religious belief. A number of parties have given $3,000 or more, with which sum a "free bed" is founded. It is hoped ultimately to make the hospital free; but at the present time there are various charges for the different kinds of accommodations afforded. There is a free dispensary connected with the hospi- tal. Visitors are admitted at any hour of the day. Horse-cars, Baymiller-street line. Government Building, the U. S., now in course of erection on the north side of Fifth Street, bet. Main and Wal- nut, will contain the post-office with its auxiliary departments, the custom-house, the U. S. courts, the assistant treasurer's office, and other government offices. It is a massive structure in the Renaissance style, of five superimposed orders, and built of granite from Maine and Missouri. Its dimensions are 354 feet by 164 feet, four stories and mansard roof above the sidewalk, and basement and sub-basement below. The ground cost $700,000, and the structure will cost over $5,000,000. The superintendent of the construction is S. Hannafcrd. Government of the City is vested in the mayor, common council, board of city commissioners, board of sinking-fund commissioners, board of police-commis- sioners, board of fire-commissioners, board of education, and police-court. All trie other departments are subordinate to these, and these to each other. The mayor has lately been deprived of much KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 37 of his power, the control of the police and street-cleaning departments having been taken from him by special legislation for Cincinnati. He exercises a veto power over the acts of the common coun- cil, collects peddlers', hucksters', market, hack, and dog licenses, and makes a few unimportant appointments. This is al- most the limit of his duty. The board of city commissioners have control of the water-works, street cleaning and repairs, and the parks, sewers, etc. They elect the civil engineer and the city audjtor. The solicitor and treasurer are elected by the people. The board of police-com- missioners have charge of the police- department, the City Infirmary, "out- door" poor, and the health-department, and appoint the superintendent of police and the rank and file of the force, the health-officer and the sanitary police, the officers of the City Infirmary, district physicians, and overseers of the poor. The board of education has entire charge of the public schools and the Public Library. The fire-commissioners have exclusive control of the fire-department, and appoint the officers and members thereof. The police-court has final juris- diction of all offences against the laws and ordinances, the punishment for which is not confinement in the penitentiary. In the latter cases it is merely an exam- ining court. The Cincinnati Hospital is managed by a board of seven trustees, appointed by the courts, of which board the mayor is ex officio a member. The House of Refuge is managed in the same manner. The workhouse is in charge of a board of five directors, one of whom is appointed each year by the mayor, and confirmed by the common council, to serve five years. The University board consists of eighteen members, who serve six years, three being elected each year. The common council is simply a legisla- tive body, and appoints none but its own officers. Grand Hotel, the Cincinnati, is one of the finest hotels in this country, and one of the grandest buildings in this city. It was built by a joint-stock com- pany, whose prime object was to provide Cincinnati with a hotel strictly first-class in every respect. The building, six sto- ries above the sidewalk, is of Ohio free- stone, and contains 300 guest-rooms. It fronts 175 feet on Fourth Street, and 200 feet on Central Ave.; but a part extends through to Third Street, a distance of 400 feet. The rotundas and corridors are among the grandest in this country: the main rotunda, 100 feet square, is probably the largest in any hotel in the world. Throughout the building the furniture and appointments are of the choicest and most expensive kind. Every requisite of a first-class modern hotel is found at the Grand. The whole property is val- ued at $1 ,000,000. The hotel was opened in 1874, and has ever since been conduct- ed by the lessees and proprietors, Gil- mour & Sons, who had previously been the proprietors of the Eulaw and St. Clair Hotels at Baltimore. The Grand is conveniently situated, and is on the American plan; the terms being $3 and $4 a day. Grand Opera-House, north-west cor. of Longworth and Vine Streets, main entrance on Vine, gallery entrance on Longworth Street. The auditorium ii on the ground floor: seating capacity, 2,300. There are six proscenium boxes, a gallery, balcony, dress-circle, and par- quette. The means of egress are the most perfect of any theatre in the city: besides the regular modes of exit, there are six large windows on each side of the auditorium, reaching down to the floor, which can easily be pushed open out- ward, on the one side into Longworth Street, and on the other into an alley between the theatre and the Ohio Me- chanics' Institute. The Opera-House is devoted to opera and the drama, Robert E. J. Miles being the lessee and manager. Only first-class performances are given. The regular dramatic season begins in September, and closes in April. Admis- sion to dress-circle, 75 cents; parquette, $1.00; balcony, 50 cents; gallery, 25 cents; reserved seats, 25 cents extra. The Opera-House is half a minute's walk from Fountain Square. Greenwood Hall, in the third story of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute build- ing, south-west cor. of Sixth and Vine Streets, and named in honor of Miles Greenwood, who superintended the con- struction of the building, and was for several years president of the Institute, is a commodious hall, with side-room con- veniences, and is largely used for balls, concerts, and travelling entertainments. Grocers' Exchange is an association of wholesale grocers, who meet at the call of the president to discuss matters of interest to the trade. Its monthly meet- ings are held in the rooms of the Board $8 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. of Trade and Transportation. Dues, $25 a year. James H. Laws is president. Gymnasiums. — See Cincinnati Gym- nasium, and see Turnverein. Hacks. — Stands: No. 1, on the west side of Broadway, bet. Front and Second Streets; No. 2, on the south side of Fifth, bet. Main and Sycamore; No. 3, on the east side of Walnut, bet. Gano and Seventh; No. 4, in the centre of Fifth, bet. Main and Walnut; No. 5, on the west side of Vine, bet. Fourth and Baker; No. 6, on the west side of Vine, bet. Third and Pearl, southwardly from Pearl 100 feet; No. 7, on the south side of Sixth Street, bet. Plum and Elm Streets. Ordinances : Section 7. — Driver to exhibit Card. — The driver shall hand to each adult passenger in his coach, before a bargain for his services is made, a card whereon shall be printed in a clear, legible manner, the number of his coach, the name of the owner and driver, and the rates of fare. Sect. 8. — Rates of Fare. — The rates of fare for carrying a single passenger shall not exceed the following rates: where no bargain is made, it shall not be more than 50 cents; in all cases, children over ten years of age half-price; under that age, free. Each passenger may have a trunk conveyed without additional charge; but must pay for every additional trunk 25 cents, and for all other articles occupying a seat, weighing over 30 pounds, 25 cents each. Halls, Public. — Scattered through- out the city there are more than 100 public halls used for general purposes. Among the most important are Green- wood Hall, Sixth and Vine; Hopkins Hall, Fourth and Elm; Melodeon Hall, Fourth and Walnut; College Hall, Wal- nut, bet. Fourth and Fifth; Apollo Hall, Sixth and Walnut; Eureka Hall, Ninth and Walnut; Geyer's Assembly Rooms, Court Street, bet. Main and Walnut; Pike's Opera-hall, Fourth, bet. Walnut and Vine; Mozart Hall, Vine and Long- worth; Women's Christian Temperance Union Hall, 200 Vine; Y. M. C. A. Hall, Sixth and Elm. Hamilton County, of which Cincin- nati is the county-seat, exclusive of the town lots contains 213,000 acres. It has fifteen townships, viz., Anderson, Cincin- nati, Colerain, Columbia, Crosby, Delhi, Green, Harrison, Miami, Millcreek, Spen- cer, Springfield, Sycamore, Symmes, Whitewater. The villages in the county are Camp Dennison, Montgomery, Love- land, Reading, Sharon, Runyan, Even- dale, Lockland, Carthage, Wyoming, Scott, Harrison, Cleves, North Bend, Warsaw, Delhi, Cheviot, Avondale, Clif- ton, Ludlow Grove, Oakland, Winton Place, College Hill, Sharpsburg, St. Ber- nard, Linwood, Madisonville, Pleasant Ridge, Crance, Plainville, Mt. Carmel, Newtown, California, Mt. Washington, Riverside, Mt. Airy, Hartwell, Glendale, Home City. Hamilton County is in the south-west corner of Ohio, bet. the Great and Little Miami Rivers. In round num- bers there are 50,000 voters in the county, showing a population of over 350,000. Harmonic Society, founded in 1869, is the largest musical organization in the city. Its chorus numbers over 300 voices. It has taken great interest in the May musical festivals, and has formed the nucleus of their choruses. Besides the active members, it has a large number of contributing members. Harrison Pike connects with Harri- son Avenue at the bridge over Mill Creek, at Ernst Station. It passes north through Fairmount, winding around one of the high hills in gaining the summit, and then takes a westerly course, passing through a lovely country, where almost every sunny slope is a vineyard, to Cheviot, and thence west to the village of Harrison, from which the pike takes its name. The road is well macadamized, and furnishes one of the many delightful drives out of the city. Hartwell is an incorporated village, about ten miles north of Fountain Square. It is named after John W. Hartwell, who was vice-president of the C. H. & D. Railroad at the time the station was located. It is a neat village, with a population of about 400, having a Methodist church, and a graded school, and is the home chiefly of Cin- cinnati business-men. The C. C. C. & I., and the C. H. & D. R.R's have de- pots in the village. Harvard is a word familiarly used to signify Harvard College or Harvard Uni- versity. Although the University is situ- ated in Cambridge, Mass., about 1,000 miles from Cincinnati, still, as there are many of its graduates and undergraduates here, the name Harvard has become quite familiar. The college has for several years held examinations for admission simultan- eously at Cambridge and Cincinnati, sc KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 39 that persons not desiring to go East can try the examinations in this city. The alumni have formed a club, known as the Harvard Club, with the purpose of retain- ing the community of feeling shared while in college, and of working unitedly when- ever any interest of the college is to be ad- vanced. There are about ioo graduates of the university in this city, and they hold many important professional and business positions; about a third being lawyers, and a fourth being physicians. The club gives an annual dinner. Hat and Fur Establishment of A. E. Burkhardt & Co. is one of the noteworthy sights in Cincinnati. It is not only one of the most elaborately fitted up business-places in this city, but also one of the finest establishments of its kind in the world, and surely the most costly in the United States. The build- ing is a massive stone structure, No. 113 West Fourth Street, between Race and Vine Streets. The retail department oc- cupies the first floor; is 18 feet high; and the furniture and fixtures are of black walnut, ornamented with carved and stamped work, and inlaid with marble. The basement, sub-basement, and second floors are used for the wholesale and jobbing departments, and the third and fourth floors for manufacturing. Each of the six floors is 25 feet wide and 150 feet deep. In the rear is a five-story brick building, used exclusively for handling furs and skins and for storage. The business of the firm is probably the most extensive in its line in the United States. There are five distinct departments, as follows: the retailing of American and foreign hats, caps, furs, canes, umbrellas, robes, and kindred goods; the whole- saling and jobbing of the same; the direct importing of all goods belonging to similar stocks; the manufacturing of all kinds of furs, and the exporting of American fur skins. In furs the business done ex- ceeds that of any firm in the West, and in quality the stock is as fine as any in this country. The wholesale and jobbing customers of this house are scattered throughout the Western, Middle, and Southern States. One aim of the firm has been to introduce new and elegant goods; and the house is justly entitled to be called the " arbiter of fashions." The business of Burkhardt & Co. was estab- lished in 1863, and since that time has been a constant success. Health, Board of. — The functions of the old board of health are now vested in the board of police-commissioners. Health of Cincinnati, the, judged by the death-rale in proportion to popula- tion, as compared with other large cities where accurate records are kept, is a theme for congratulation. Estimating the population of the city at 280,000, — the basis on which such calculations have been made for a number of years past, — the mortality of 1878 was in the propor- tion of 17.23 per 1,000, or one in every 58.05 inhabitants. This places Cincinnati in the foremost rank of the healthful populous centres of the United States. Hebrew Relief Association elects annually a board of directors, who meet every Sunday morning at the south-west cor. of Fifth Street and Central Avenue to give weekly pensions to the poor, espe- cially widows and people unfit for work, and also to aid transient poor from other cities. About $9,000 a year are donated for these purposes. The association is composed of Israelites, and A. Aub is president. Hebrew Union College, founded in 1875 by the union of American Hebrew congregations, governed by a board of governors; B. Bettmann of Cincinnati being its presiding officer. It has two departments, — 1, preparatory; 2, colle- giate, — each of four years. Students in the preparatory must simultaneously at- tend the classical course of the high school, and those in the collegiate depart- ment must attend the academical course at the University of Cincinnati,' if they enter for the degree of rabbi. The sub- jects taught are the Jewish literature, theology, and history, Semitic philology, preparing for the Jewish pulpit, and pro- fessorships in Semitic philology. The semesters open annually the first Monday in September and February. Tuition free, books free, no religious or other test. The first collegiate class opens Sept. 1, 1879, the other classes to be added year after year: the preparatory is complete. In the year 1878-9 there were 23 regular students and 12 extra hearers. The sessions for regular students are held daily at 4 P.M.; for students in Semitic languages, daily at 5 p.m. The college is at present in the Plum-street Temple. A number of students receive stipends from $150 to $400 a year, provided by the collections of Hebrew ladies' societies throughout the country. The president is the Rev. Dr. Isaac M. Wise. 40 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Heuck's Opera-House, on the north- west cor. of Vine and Thirteenth Streets, the best of the " Over-the-Rhine " amuse- ments, under the management of its pro- prietor, after whom the building is named, A dramatic company is kept, and the per- formances are principally of the comedy and variety order. The seating capacity of the auditorium, which contains a par- quette, dress-circle, and gallery, is 1,500. There are entrances on Thirteenth Street, and through the beer-saloon on Vine Street. Beer, wine, liquors, and cigars are allowed; and each chair is fitted with a little bracket on which to rest the glasses. Admission ranges from 15 to 50 cents. The Vine-street cars pass the door. Hibernia Hall, south-east cor. of Ninth and Plum Streets, second story. The A. O. U. W. Hall is on the floor above. It is the meeting-place of the various Irish societies, notably the An- cient Order of Hibernians and the Friend- ly Sons of St. Patrick. It is also rented for balls, assemblies, lectures, and political meetings. Hibernians, Ancient Order of, a mutual-benefit secret order of Irishmen, governed by a central division, to which subordinate divisions send delegates. The executive officers of each local divis- ion form the executive council of the central division, by which all benefits are dispensed. There are four local divisions in the city, three of which, as well as the central body, meet at Hibernia Hall. Highland House and Belvedere, the newest and by far the most fashion- able of the unique hill-top resorts, is sit- uated on Mt. Adams. The attractions at this delightful place are unsurpassed, and never fail to draw forth the most enthusi- astic admiration of visitors. The halls, restaurant, bowling-saloon, billiard-room, ladies' reception-room, and parlor are decorated and furnished in a costly man- ner. The views from all parts of the house and grounds, and especially from the esplanade, belvedere, and balconies, are as grand as any in this locality. The Ohio River, spanned by three mag- nificent bridges, the romantic beauty of the Kentucky hills, the picturesque scenery of the Licking valley, the charming land- scape of Eden Park, together with a full view of Cincinnati, Covington, and New- port, form a panorama of the grandest and most varied character. Connected with the Highland House is a ladies' rid- ing-school and pony-track. In the bel- vedere and on the grounds various enter- tainments take place; and on Tuesday and Friday evenings, until Oct. 1, the Theodore Thomas orchestra concerts are given here. At the concerts the admis- sion is 25 cents, but at other times free, unless otherwise advertised. The High- land-House property is owned by a stock- company, of which G. B. Kerper is presi- dent. Horse-Cars. — Sixth and Bay- miller Streets run direct; and on all other lines of the Consolidated Street R.R. Co., tickets to the Highland House are sold, and the passengers transferred at Walnut Street. Hilltops, the, a name given generally to the elevated ground forming the boundary of three sides of the city, before its encroachments on adjacent territory. They form a semicircle abou. the lower levels, the east and west diameter of which is three miles, and the north and south radius a mile and a half. They have an average elevation above the Ohio River of 400 feet, reaching higher at many points, but seldom lower than that figure. They are broken only by Deer Creek and Mill Creek on the north, and Lick Run on the west. They are now covered with elegant private residences, public institu- tions, and places of public resort. The summit is reached in all directions by the four inclined-plane railways. Historical and Philosophical So- ciety of Ohio, College Building. Li- brary of 7,500 volumes and 30,000 pam- phlets. Museum of historical curiosities. It has 83 members. Terms, $10 a year, $100 for life; corresponding and honor" ary members not charged. Meetings, first Saturday evening of each month. Open from 10 a.m. to 1 r.M., except Sun- days. Visitors welcome. The president is M. F. Force ; secretary, Julius Dexter ; corresponding secretary, Robert Clarke. Home of the Friendless, an insti- tution having for its object the reclama- tion of abandoned women. It is man- aged by ladies connected with the various Protestant denominations of the city. The building is on the south side of Court Street, bet. Central Avenue and John Street, is four stories in height, and can accommodate about 150 inmates. Com- mitments of young and incorrigible girls, who are on the road to ruin, are some- times made from the police-court, when they are too old to enter the House of Refuge. These are kindly cared for, KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 41 although the Home has no authority to detain them. An average of 500 women and abandoned infants find temporary quarters in the Home each year. Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, the Cincinnati, cor. Seventh and Mound Streets. All kinds of cases treated free. There are three departments, — the med- ical, the surgery and diseases of women, and the eye and ear. Consultation, 9 to 11 a.m. ; dispensary open from 2 to 4 p.m. daily. Hopkins Hall, erected about ten years ago by L. C. Hopkins, and given his name. It is on the south-west cor. of Fourth and Elm Streets, in the second story. Entrance on Fourth Street. The main hall is capable of seating about eight hundred persons. Attached is a smaller hall, that can be used for a re- freshment-room or cloak-room. Hopkins Hall is largely used for minstrels, poultry- shows, political meetings, etc. Hopkins Park is named in honor of a former dry-goods merchant, L. C. Hopkins, who gave the city the three- fourths of an acre that the park contains. It is situated on the brow of Mt. Auburn, at t^e head of Sycamore Street and south end of Auburn Avenue. Horse-Cars. — Fountain Square is the horse-car centre of Cincinnati; the cars of all the lines below the hills pass- ing it in their route, with the exception of the Third-street and Eighth-street lines, which pass within a square's distance. On almost all lines a single fare is 5 cents: tickets in packages of six, 4 cents each; or 25 for a dollar. On route 9, sin- gle fare is 4 cents; 25 tickets for 90 cents. Route 9 tickets are not taken on the other lines: all other tickets are good on either line. Transfer tickets are given, without extra charge, on all West-End lines, to persons desiring to go as far west as Spring-grove Avenue or Erighton Station, a change of cars being made at Coleman Street. Through tickets, including two Bottom lines, one Inclined-plane, and one Hill line, are sold on the cars for 10 cents. Single fare on the inclined planes, 5 cents. The following is a list of the various lines, with their routes; the most popular name of the route being given. Avenue line. — See Cumminsville and Spring-grove line. Baymiller-strcct line start from the cor. of McLean and Harrison Avenues, south on McLean to Western Avenue, south-east to Liberty, east to Baymiller, south to Sixth, east to Elm, south to Fifth, east to Lock, south to Third, west to Lawrence, north to Fourth, west to Elm, north to Sixth, thence west and north by double track to place of begin- ning. Clifton line start from top of Clifton Inclined Plane, north to Calhoun, east to Vine, north to Hammond, east to Car- thage Pike, north to Clifton, Burnet Woods, and Zoological Gardens. Covington lines. — There are four lines to Covington, all starting from the Vine-street end of Fountain Square, south on Vine to Front, east to suspen- sion bridge, which they all cross. One of these lines also traverses Newport, via the suspension bridge over the Licking River. Cumminsville and Spring-grove line begins at the intersection of Spring- grove and Harrison Avenues, north on Spring-grove Avenue to Spring-grove Cemetery, passing through Cummins- ville; return by same route. Eden-park, Walnut-hills, and Avon- dale line start from the top of Mt. Adams Inclined Plane, northwardly through Eden Park over a trestle bridge 454 feet long and by Gilbert Avenue to Curtis Street, east to Kemper Lane, north to McMillan, east to Park Avenue, north to Chestnut, returning by same route. The route is soon to be extended to Avondale. Eighth-street line start from west end of Eighth Street, east on Eighth to Central Avenue, south to Fourth, east to Main, north to Sixth, west to Elm, north to Eighth, west to place of beginning. Elm-street line start from East-End Garden in Pendleton; west on Eastern Avenue to Washington and Third, thence on Third to Martin, thence to Pearl, west to Broadway, north to Fourth, west to Elm, north to McMicken Avenue; re- turning on Elm to Fifth, east to Broad- way, south to Pearl, east to Front, and continuing by Front and Eastern Avenue to place of beginning. Connection is made at the East-End Garden with the Columbia and Mt. Lookout steam dum- mies. Freeman-street line. — Same as Seventh-street line. Gilbert-ave?iue line. — Same as Wal- nut-hills line. John-street line start from Fourth and Main; west on Fourth to John, north to Findlay, west to Baymiller, 42 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. north to Bank, west to Coleman, north to Central Avenue; returning east and south on Central Avenue to Fifth, east to Main, and south to Fourth. Main-street line start at Fifth and Main, north on Main to Inclined Plane, from the summit of which north on Locust to Mason, east on Mason to Auburn, and north on Auburn and Washington Streets to Zoological Gardens ; returning by same route to Main and Court, west on Court to Walnut, south to Fifth, and east to Main. Newport line start from the Walnut- street end of Fountain Square, east on Fifth to Broadway, south to Pearl, east to the Louisville Short-line Railroad Bridge, thence across the bridge to Newport, making connection with the Bellevue and Dayton steam dummy. Riverside and Seda/nsville line start from Eighth-street and Walker-mill Road, south on the latter to Lower River Road, and west to Riverside. Return by same route. Seventh-street line cars start from Fourth and Vine, north on Vine to Sev- enth, west to Freeman, north to Bank, west to Coleman, north to Central Ave- nue, east to Freeman. Returning, south on Freeman to Vork, east to Linn, south to Ninth, east to Walnut, south to Fourth, west to Vine. Sixth-street line. — Same as Baymil- ler-street line. Third-street line start from Third and Lawrence, north on Lawrence to Fourth, west to Smith, north to Fifth, west to Freeman, north to Sixth, west to Mill-Creek Bridge; returning by the same route to Fifth and Wood, south on Wood to Third, and east to Lawrence. Vine-street, or Route q, start from Vine-street end of Fountain Square, north on Vine to McMicken Avenue, thence north-west to Mohawk Bridge; returning by same route. Walnut-hills line start from Fourth and Walnut; north to Fifth, east to Broadway, north to Hunt, east, via Effluent-pipe Street to Gilbert Avenue, north to Walnut Hills; returning by Gilbert Avenue to Broadway, south to Fourth, and west to Walnut Street. Horticultural Society, the Cincin- nati, has been established about 36 years. At its rooms, 180 Main Street, meetings are held every Saturday, when topics of interest to horticulturists and agricultur- ists are discussed, and specimens of fruit exhibited. The membership is about 600. Hospital for Contagious Diseases, popularly known as the " Pest House," a branch of the Cincinnati Hospital, lo- cated in an isolated tract of ground in Lick-run Valley, in the vicinity of the Potter's Field, or pauper burying-ground. The house is new and commodious, and has accommodations for about 100 pa- tients. It is designed for the treatment of small-pox and other contagious dis- eases. A physician and corps of nurses are employed, the former at a salary of $50 per month. Hospitals. — See Cincinnati Hospi- tal, Good Samaritan Hospital, St. Mary's Hospital, Jewish Hospital, Hospital for Contagious Diseases. Hotels. — The principal hotels are the Burnet House, Third and Vine Streets; Crawford House, Sixth and Walnut Streets; Gibson House, Fourth and Wal- nut Streets; Grand Hotel, Fourth Street and Central Avenue; Hotel Emery, Vine, bet. Fourth and Fifth; Hunt's Hotel and Dining Rooms, Vine, bet. Fourth and Fifth; St. James, Fourth and Hammond Streets; St. Nicholas, Fourth and Race; Walnut-street House, Walnut, bet. Sixth and Seventh. Hotel Emery is on Vine Street, bet. Fourth and Fifth Streets, but has its entrance in the Emery Arcade. It was opened in November, 1877, and has 175 guest-rooms, all well furnished. It is one of the newest, largest, and best- kept hotels in the city, and is conducted on both the European and American plans. On the European plan the prices of rooms range from $1 to $2.50 per day, and meals are served in the hotel restau- rant at moderate prices. On the Ameri- can plan the terms are $3 and $4 per day. The owners are Thomas Emery's Sons. House of Refuge. — A house of cor- rection for incorrigible and criminal youth of both sexes, between the ages of eight and sixteen years. The build- ing is situated in Camp Washington, on the Colerain Pike, 32 miles from Foun- tain Square. The buildings are of blue native limestone, with window-caps and cornices of while limestone. It is four stories in height, besides the basement, and has a frontage of 227 feet. There are now about 500 inmates, four-fifths of whom are boys. They are given the rudiments of a general education, includ- ing music, and are taught useful trades. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 43 Incorrigible children are committed from the police-court. The term of confinement lasts during the minority of the child. The annual cost to the city, by which the Refuge is maintained, is about $50,- 000. Hughes High School, named in honor of its benefactor, Thomas Hughes, who left the bulk of his fortune by will to the city, for the purpose of founding a high school. The building is situated on Fifth Street, opposite the beginning of Mound Street, and was built in 1853, at a cost of $25,000. It is a massive build- ing, and in architectural beauty is worthy of the city. The average attendance of pupils is about 500. Pupils must reside in the district west of Central Avenue and south of Clark Street. Hunt's Hotel and Dining-Rooms, on the east side of Vine Street, bet. Fourth and Fifth, is one of the most widely known places of its kind in this city. The restaurant is exceedingly popu- lar, and is one of the most commodious in the West. The prices are low, and the cuisine is good. This restaurant, in the oyster season, has the largest oyster trade in the city. The hotel has 100 rooms, and is conducted on the European plan; the prices of rooms ranging from 50 cents to $1 a day. The proprietors are C. B. Hunt & Co. Inclined Planes. — There are four of these popular and useful elevators in the city, — one in the western , one in the east- ern, and two in the northern parts. All land their passengers on the heights about 400 feet above the level of the river. Clifton Inclined Plane is at the inter- section of McMicken Avenue and Elm Street. The Elm-street and the Vine- street horse-cars lead directly to it; and at the top is the Bellevue House, where connection is made with horse-cars for Mt. Auburn, Corryville, Zoological Gar- dens, Burnet-woods Park, and Clifton. Mt Adams &* Eden-park Inclined Plane is on Lock Street, about 100 feet south of Fifth Street. The Baymiller- street line of horse-cars pass the foot of the plane; and when special attractions are offered at the Highland House, which is situated at the head of the plane, cars from various parts of the city are run direct to the Inclined Plane. At the Highland House connection is made with the Eden-park, Walnut-hills, and Avon- dale lines of horse-cars. Mt. Auburn Inclined Plane is at the head of Main Street, and is reached by the Main-street line of horse-cars. The Lookout House is at the top of the plane, and horse-car connection is there made with the Mt. Auburn line for the Zoological Gardens. Price's-hill Inclined Plane begins at the foot of Eighth Street, where it inter- sects the Walker-mill Road. This is the only one of the inclined railways that has a double track and double set of ma- chinery, — one for pedestrians, and the other for horses and vehicles. The Eighth-street horse-cars stop at the foot of the plane. Insane Asylum. — See Longview In- sane Asylum, and see Sanitarium. India Shawls, or, as they are known by the trade, Valley-Cashmere shawls, can be seen in large variety in the sales- rooms of John Shillito & Co. Cashmere is a province of Northern India, sepa- rated from the kingdom of Thibet by the Himalaya Mountains, and was formerly included in the Sikh Dominion, a part of the Lahore Monarchy. In 1846 it was erected by Great Britain into a separate state, and placed under a native ruler. Among other curious manufactures of Cashmere is that of shawls; and the delicate wool of which the finest are made is the produce of a species of goat of the adjoining country of Thibet. These shawls, for fineness of fibre and depth of coloring, have attained a world- wide reputation. Inwood Park, a name given to the old Shoenberger homestead, on Vine Street, about halfway up the Vine-street Hill. The grounds contain 14 acres, and are used for picnics, balls, and pleas- ure-parties. The surface is diversified with hills and ravines. It has all the necessary appurtenances for dancing, swinging, and athletic exercises, besides a wine and beer house and restaurant. The most convenient way of reaching the park is by the Mt. Auburn Inclined Plane. A bridge 1,100 feet in length spans the principal ravine between the Lookout House and Inwood Park. Jewish Congregations. — Brother- ly Love, purely Germans, occupies a brick building, dedicated by Rabbi I. M. Wise in 1867. It is situated on the cor. of John and Melancthon Streets, and its seating capacity is 400. Membership, 60 families. Children of Israel, Re- formed; founded in 1830. The present building, south-east cor. of Eighth and 44 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Mound Streets, known as the Mound- street Temple, is in a modified Gothic style. It was finished in 1868, at a cost, it is said, of $150,000. Seating capacity, 1,200; membership, 200 families : rabbi, M. Lilienthal. Children of Yeshu- ruiu, Reform, founded in 1844. The present building, south-east cor. of Eighth and Plum Streets, known as the Plum-street Temple, completed in 1866, is one of the most unique and costly church structures in the city. It is in the pure Moorish style, elegantly fur- nished and decorated, and without the ground is said to have cost $275,000. Seating capacity, 1,540; membership, 240 families; rabbi, Isaac M. Wise. K. K. Adath Israel, Polish, cor. of Walnut and Seventh Streets; member- ship, 60 families; rabbi, Henry Kuttner. Orthodox Polish, of an old creed; wor- ship in a small room on the south-west cor. of Eighth Street and Central Ave- nue. Shcrith Israel, founded in 1856; worship on Lodge Street, bet. Sixth and Seventh. Membership, 80 families; rabbi, S. H. Epstein. Jewish Hospital, the, founded in 1847 f°r tne benefit of sick Israelites only, was originally located on Betts and Cen- tral Avenue. It was removed to the present building, cor. of Third and Baum streets, in 1863. It contains two wards, one for male and one for female patients, besides a dozen rooms for pay-patients. The wards will accommodate about 30 persons. Kindergartens. — Since Friedrich Froebel began to successfully teach infants by means of a class of schools named kindergartens, there have sprung up, throughout Europe and America, many schools based upon the same meth- ods and adopting the same name. In many American cities, such as New York, Boston, St. Louis, and Philadel- phia, kindergartens have been made an important branch of the public-school system, while in many other cities kinder- gartens have been established by indi- viduals and educational institutions. In Cincinnati there are no kindergartens con- nected with the public schools; but there are five of them in a flourishing condi- tion, one conducted by Miss Helene Goodman, another by the Cincinnati Wesleyan College, a third by Miss Lizzie Beaman, a fourth by Miss Katherine Dodd, and a fifth by the Cincinnati Orphan Asy- lum. Miss Goodman's kindergarten is the best known, and occupies part of the first floor of Miss Nourse's school-building, 166 West Seventh Street, where the rooms are lofty, well ventilated, neatly furnished, and so arranged that the little children are made quite comfortable while being amused and taught their first lessons. Miss Goodman was a pupil of Madame Krauss of New York City, and estab- lished her kindergarten in this city in 1875. Since that time she has enthusi- astically devoted herself to her work, and in so doing has had the hearty support of influential citizens. Knights of Pythias, a secret benevo- lent order, similar in character to the Masons and Odd Fellows. The mem- bers are uniformed, and make a hand- some display on parade. There are fif- teen lodges and one division in Cincin- nati. Their principal armories are at the north-west cor. of Sixth and Walnut, and the south-west cor. of Eighth and Central Avenue. Total membership esti- mated at 1,500. La Belle Riviere is the name given by the French to the Ohio River. Landmarks and Historical Places. — The pioneers built log-houses for de- fence and shelter, but they were only of a temporary character. A few small-win- dowed two-storied houses yet remain of those built in the second period of houses in this city; all without special interest, except one on the south side of old Con- gress Street, east of Lawrence, and known as Rose Cottage. Here lived Judge Dan- iel Symmes, and after him Nicholas Long- worth. While living at Rose Cottage, Judge Symmes built in 1812, on the south side of Congress Street, near Lawrence, a stone house, which after Judge Symmes's death was occupied by Peyton S. Symmes, and was for a long time the centre of social interest in the city. The walls are built of limestone taken from the bed of the river; and the roof is a high gable, slanting toward the street, with an attic room in the peak, and without a dormer window. The hall is on the west side; and it is deep and broad, with a hand- some staircase in the rear. The orna- mentation on the woodwork is quite elaborate and interesting. Doubtless in its day it was one of the finest houses in this region; although it is by no means the oldest now standing, nor has it the most historical interest. The St. Clair House, shut in from the streets by later buildings, stands in the block bounded by KING'S POCKET-BOOK' OF CINCINNATI. 45 Seventh, Eighth, and Main Streets and St. Clair Alley. The date of its erection is unknown, and there is a doubt whether it was built by Gen. St. Clair or by his son. From the records of real-estate transfers, it seems to have been built in 1806, and tradition says by the general. The walls are of brick brought, from Pittsburg ; and the door-step is a huge block of sandstone, said to be the first piece of this kind of stone used for that purpose in the city. The house has a hall through the centre, with doors in front and rear, and a series of rooms built on each side, forming a semi-court at the back. The staircase is wide, and the stairs of easy ascent. The old house, hidden from sight and almost forgotten, is still in good condition and the walls complete, and it is one of the points of great local interest. The "Bazaar" is the most curious, and, architecturally speaking, the oddest old landmark, in the city. It stands on the south side of Third Street, just east of Broadway. In 1829 Mrs. Frances Trollope thought to revo- lutionize the trade and society of the growing town, so she built a house where pleasure and business should be com- bined. Her efforts were without effect, and the old structure looks as if it had been dropped from some other country among uncongenial mates. The design of the faqade is nondescript. There are three high windows, reaching over two stories; and the windows have a half Gothic, half Moorish effect, which is not altogether displeasing. There is an iron balcony running across the front below the cornice. Here were held the Fourth of July celebrations and the annual balls of the early times. The element of the population that held Virginia traditions built, between 1825-30, several fine houses in the semi- classical style, the oldest being the Key's House, where Charles McMicken lived, and a part of which may yet be seen in front of the University of Cincinnati building. It is on a side-hill overlooking the Hamilton Road, once ihe great thor- oughfare between the North and South. In much the same style is the house now owned and occupied by David Sinton, on the east side of Pike Street, almost oppo- site the east end of Fourth. The house was begun by Martin Baum, and finished by Nicholas Longworth, who died there. It is a one-story house, very wide and deep, with a broad hall through the cen- tre, resting on a half-story or basement. The place has always been known as the gathering spot for the culture and refine- ment of the city. In the square on Bank Street, occupied by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, is another of those grand old houses. It was the home of Major Daniel Gano. Another of the same class was built by Thomas Carneal, and still stands in Ludlow, Ky. On the north- east cor. of Orchard and Main Streets is a plain brick house, having long porches in the rear, which was the home of Wil- liam Woodward, the founder of Wood- ward College. When Third was the fashionable street, there were many fine houses on both sides of it, built mostly with Greek-temple facades. Here lived Samuel Foote and Griffin Taylor. Of this class of houses only one remains, — that of Geo. T. Williamson bet. Plum and Elm Streets. Major William Barr built two now old and noted houses. The first, or at least part of it, can be seen on the north-west cor. of Smith and Sixth Streets; and the second is standing on Barr Street, near Mound. Major Clark- son's house, on Bank Street, is a relic of the lime when the north-west section of the city below the hills was only farm- land. There were many other dwellings of note; but the old public buildings have been destroyed. The court-house was twice burned, and the early churches and mills have disappeared. Near a century's life has left in the city but little that is either quaint or charming. — Pitts H. Burt. See Burnet Residence and Lytle House. Lane Theological Seminary was chartered and first opened for academic instruction in 1829. The theological de- partment went into operation in 1832 under the presidency of Rev. Lyman Beecher, D.D.; and since that time about 700 students have received theological training. In 1835 the academic depart- ment was discontinued. At present there are six instructors, and accommodations for 50 students. The grounds comprise about five acres; and the buildings in- clude a dormitory, boarding-hall, library- hall, chapel, and several dwellings for the professors. Besides these, there is now being erected a recitation-hall, which will be a beautiful structure, and also a valu- able adjunct to the seminary property. The building is to be of blue limestone, three stories in height, with mansard roof. It will contain recitation-rooms for all the seminary classes, chapel for daily prayers, gymnasium, etc. The library now con- 46 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. tains 13,000 volumes of standard theolo- gical, rare, valuable, and miscellaneous works. Lane Seminary is under control of the Presbyterian Church ; but all stu- dents, whatever may be their denomina- tional connection, are welcomed. It has had a prosperous career, and has a prom- ising future. It is situated on Gilbert Avenue, Walnut Hills, and can be visited at any time during the day. Horse-cars, — Eden-park, Walnut-hills, and Avondale line, and the Gilbert-avenue line. Latonia Springs, a beautiful suburb in Kentucky, six miles from Fountain Square, on the Lexington Pike. It was once a noted watering-place, and favorite resort of Kentuckians. There is a fine hotel, ample grounds, spring-houses, and other convenient buildings. The waters possess no medicinal virtues, and as a watering-place Latonia Springs is a thing of the past. It is a beautiful drive, how- ever, the route being picturesque through- out its length. Law - Courts. — Common Pleas Court for Hamilton Comity is com- posed of seven judges, elected by the people for a term of five years. This is the court of general, civil, and criminal jurisdiction, and throughout the State is the court established for this purpose by the constitution. It has appellate juris- diction, as well as jurisdiction in proceed- ings in error, from justices of the peace in civil actions for any amount, and origi- nal jurisdiction in all civil cases for amounts of $100 and upwards. It has also appellate and error jurisdiction from the probate court. Sessions held in the Court House. Probate Court for Hamilton Comity has one judge, elect- ed by the people for a term of three years. It has original and exclusive jurisdiction in all matter of wills, administrations of estate, and guardianship; and concurrent jurisdiction with the common pleas in habeas corpus and in condemnation of lands for public uses. This court was established by statute, and has no appel- late jurisdiction. Sessions held in the Court House. Superior Court of Cin- cinnati has three judges, elected for a term of five years, by the people. Its jurisdiction is limited to the city, and therein is concurrent with the common pleas in all civil cases of $100 and up- wards. It has no criminal or appellate jurisdiction, but is a special court estab- lished by statute. District Court for First Judicial District, that is, for Hamilton County, is composed of any three judges of the court of common pleas, whose term is fixed by such rules as the court of common pleas may make. This court has original jurisdiction in mandamus and quo warranto cases, and appellate jurisdiction from common pleas in all cases where the constitutional right of trial by jury is not granted. On ap- peal, all cases are tried de novo. It has jurisdiction in error in all civil cases from the common pleas and superior courts. Error in criminal cases lies to supreme court direct. This court also was estab- lished by statute. Sessions held in the Court House. Police Court of Cincin- nati consists of one judge, elected by the people for two years. It has jurisdiction over all offences against the city ordi- nances, and of any misdemeanors within four miles of the city. In all felonies it has jurisdiction to hear and bind over to the grand jury. Sessions held in the City Building. Justices of the Peace are elected by the people for three years. They have original jurisdiction in all civil cases for money only under $100, and concurrent jurisdiction in cases up to $300. In cases of all crimes and misde- meanors, including bastardy, they have power to hear and bind over to the grand jury. There are ten justices, who have their offices or court-rooms in different parts of the city. United States Cir- cuit and District Courts for the South- ern District of Ohio are held in Cincin- nati in the Post-Office and Custom-House Building. Law-Library, the Cincinnati. — As early as 1834 a special charter was obtained from the General Assembly for the incorporation of the " Cincinnati Law-Library; " but no organization took place under this charter, and nothing effective was done until 1846, when a committee was appointed to obtain sub- scriptions. Rooms were then provided, and the library started on a modest scale. It has steadily increased, both in numbei of books and members, until now it con tains 10,000 volumes, and is one of the most conveniently arranged and most complete law-libraries in the country. The rooms are in the Court House, and are open to members, introduced stran- gers, and to the senior class of the Cin- cinnati Law-School. Law-School, the Cincinnati, a de- partment of the Cincinnati College, occu- pies rooms in the third story of College KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 47 Building. The school is divided into two classes, junior and^ senior, each having a separate course of'study and text-books. The term begins on the Thursday next following the second Tuesday of October, and continues until the second Wednes- day of the ensuing May. The students enjoy the use of a library of 1,600 vol- umes belonging to the school, and seniors also have access to the Cincinnati Law- Library. During the school-year 1878-9 there were 127 students attending the lectures. Rufus King the dean, Geo. Hoadly, Henry A. Morrill, Manning F. Force, and Ex-Gov. John W. Stevenson compose the faculty. Law's Insurance Agency is the oldest in the city, and the leading agency in the State of Ohio. It is conducted by- John H. Law, who represents several of the largest and strongest companies in the world; and among them are the Royal of Liverpool, with assets of $30,- 045,000; the Imperial and Northern of London, $37,495,000; the London and Lancashire of Liverpool, $8,460,000; the Fire Association of Philadelphia, $3,800,- 000; the Phenix of New York, $2,800,- 000; the United Firemen's of Philadel- phia, $650,000; and the Metropolitan Plate Glass of New York, $146,000. The agency employs a score of men, and occupies elegant and commodious quar- ters on the south-east cor. of Third and Walnut Streets. Libraries. — The most important pub- lic libraries are the Public Library, the Mercantile Library, the Cincinnati Law Library, the libraries of the Historical and Philosophical Society, the St. Xavier College, the Sisters of Notre Dame Academy, the Lane Theological Semi- nary, Mt. St. Mary's Seminary, and the Cincinnati Hospital. There are num- erous valuable private libraries, many of which are rich in specialties. Some of the noteworthy private libraries are those of A. T. Goshorn, most of which was pre- sented to him by the citizens of Philadel- phia, in recognition of his services as director-general of the Exposition in 1876, the room itself being exquisitely fitted up by a committee sent here for the pur- pose; Robert Clarke, containing bibliog- raphy and literary history, science, and rare and numerous works in Scottish history and poetry: Henry Probasco, a costly collection of ancient, rare, and ex- quisitely-bound books, well arranged, classified, and catalogued; Rev. Thos. H. Skinner, D " , rich in theological works, E. T. Cars.. 1, having probably the most complete Masonic collection in the world, besides a fine Shakspearian collection; J. B. Stallo, a large library with a spe- cialty of philosophical works; Stanley Matthews, abounding in law, scientific, and theological works; George McLaugh- lin, containing standard historical works, and a great variety of books on art, as well as many curious books; M. F. Force, a fine collection of books relating to American Indians; T. D. Lincoln, one of the most extensive and useful collec- tions of law-books in the world. Licking River has its source in Floyd County, Ky., 180 miles from its mouth. It empties into the Ohio, between the cities of Newport and Covington, oppo- site the foot of Broadway, Cincinnati. It is navigable for steamers as far as the falls at Cole's Garden, four miles from its mouth. Above that point, in dry sum- mers, it has but little water; but in win- ter and spring flat-boats descend it for 70 or 80 miles. An effort was once made to improve the channel by means of dams and locks, but the enterprise was aban- doned. Lick Run. — This name applies to a village, a creek, and a turnpike. The village is a short distance west of Fair- mount, and is part of the 24th ward of the city. Lick-run Creek rises in Green township, and flows almost due east to Mill Creek, emptying into that turbid stream at Fairmount. The Lick-run Pike adheres closely to the bed of the stream, and terminates at Fairmount, where it joins the Harrison Pike. Lincoln Club, a Republican club, organized in 1879, and similar in its organization and objects to the Union League of New York. Its club-house, on the south-west cor. of Eighth and Race Streets, was until recently the residence of Dr. George Mendenhall. It is ele- gantly furnished and well located. None but Republicans are eligible for member- ship, which now numbers 400. Each member holds one share of stock, valued at $25, and pays $10 a year for dues. Visitors may be introduced by members, and Republicans from other places are cordially welcomed. Lincoln Park, situated in the West End, covers 10 acres. There is a lake and an island; the lake being used in winter for skating, and in summer for 48 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. boating. Horse-cars, — Freeman-street line. Linwood, a village incorporated in 1874, with a population of 500, is on the east border-line of Cincinnati. It is situ- ated on the Little Miami R.R., 65 miles from the Court-House, and lies nestled among the hills, from the tops of which can be seen the farms lying in three counties. There is a graded school, Congregational, Baptist, and Methodist churches, a hame-factory, etc. ; but the people are chiefly business-men of Cincin- nati; and the town presents the appear- ance of a neat New-England village. Literary Club, organized 1849. Meet- ings are held Saturday evenings from Sep- tember to June. Membership is limited to 100, seven-eighths of all votes cast re- quired to elect. Initiation fee, $10; an- nual dues, $20. The rooms at 2395 West Fifth Street are adorned with numerous fine engravings, statuettes, busts, sketch- es, and paintings. Visitors are admitted, but only at the invitation of members. The president is Herbert Jenney, and the secretary S. E. Wright. President Hayes has been a member since 1849. Longview Insane Asylum, the largest institution of its kind in the West, is supported by Hamilton County alone, although two directors are appointed by the governor of Ohio. It costs about $100,000 annually to run it. The noble edifice is located half a mile south-east of Carthage, on rising ground. It is of brick, is 612 feet long, five stories in height, and is thought fire-proof. The stairways are built of iron. The building contains 650 rooms. The yearly average of patients treated is about 1,000; the average of resident patients being 750. It was completed in i860, and cost $500,- 000. Any one can visit the institution and examine the grounds on Thursdays. I ookout House is on Jackson Hill, at the head of the Mt. Auburn Inclined- plane Railway. The structure is oblong in shape, 80 by 200 feet, including the south balcony, which extends its entire length. The grounds, which contain about six acres, are handsomely divided into lawns and flower-beds, the lawns being furnished with refreshment-tables. It is the oldest, and was for several years the only, place of the kind in the city. 5,000 guests can easily be entertained. Admission free. Horse-cars, — Main- street line. Lookout Opera-House, a large oc- tagonal building surmounted by a dome, in the grounds adjoining the Lookout House. It contains a stage for dramatic performances. The auditorium is ar- ranged in the form of an amphitheatre. The house can also be used for a circus, the ring being cast in the parquette. Admission is usually 25 cents. Horse- cars, — Main-street line. Ludlow, a Kentucky suburb, opposite the mouth of Mill Creek. Distance from Fountain Square, two miles. The popu- lation is about 1,500, composed chiefly of Cincinnati business and working men. The Fifth-street ferry lands at the east- ern end of the village. The Third-street horse-cars connect with the ferry. Lutheran Churches. — English Evangelical, Elm, bet. Ninth and Court Streets, no pastor; German Evangelical, Race, bet. Fifteenth and Liberty, A. Broemer, pastor; German Protestant, St. Johns, Elm and Twelfth, Charles J. Scholz, pastor. Lytle House, the, No. 66 Lawrence Street, was built in 1814; and although one of the oldest buildings now standing, it is yet in an excellent state of preserva- tion. It was built for Gen. William Lytle, and has always been occupied by his family and descendants. His grand- son was Gen. W. H. Lytle, who fell at the battle of Chickamauga. One of the men who worked on the house at the time of its erection was Joseph Jones, now in his 94th year, one of the oldest living resi- dents of the city. In 1837 Andrew Jack- son visited Cincinnati, and during his stay remained at this house. Mannerchor, A. P. A., a singing- club connected with the German branch of the American Protestant Association. The chorus numbers about 50 voices. Weekly meetings are held. Mannerchor, Cincinnati, a German singing society, having male and female voices, under the direction of Otto Singer. The society has about 120 active and 200 contributing members. Meetings for practice were held weekly in Mannerchor Hall, cor. Vine and Mercer Streets. The building was destroyed by fire on the 4th of August, and the valuable musical library belonging to the society burned. It will be replaced as rapidly as possible. Mannerchor, Germania, was organ- ized in the year 1872, by seceders from ■ KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 49 the Cincinnati Mannerchor. From a small beginning the society has increased its numbers to 250, most of whom are contributing members. The active mem- bers do not exceed 40. Mannerchor, St. Cecilia, originally composed of the members of the choir of St. Mary's Catholic Church. It now has about 40 active members, belonging mostly to the German Catholic choirs of the citv. The society was organized in May, 1867. Manufactures. — Cincinnati occupies a leading position among the manufactur- ing cities of the United States, and an eminent one among those of the world. She is singularly well situated for procur- ing raw material and for distributing manufactured goods. The business cen- tre of a great iron region; convenient to lumber of all kinds, grain, cotton, cattle, sheep, hogs, wool, stone, and other raw materials in great abundance; with a community- of manufacturers distin- guished for their economical administra- tion, pecuniary ability, scientific attain- ments, mechanical skill, and artistic taste, the future development of her industries will only be measured by the ambition and activity of her citizens. A distinguishing feature of the city is the scope of her products and the large num- ber of individual manufacturers. Her aggregate production is not so much measured by colossal establishments as by the multitude of manufactories of moderate capacity, which, in the main, are conducted by practical men, who have grown up in their business, and who have used their earnings to increase their pro- duction, and enlarge their usefulness to the city. Her manufactured products in 1878, according to the figures of J. F. Blackburn, secretary of the Board of Trade and Transportation of Cincinnati, aggregated $138,736,165; the cash capi- tal invested to produce this value, $57,- 509,215; the value of the real estate occupied, $45,245,687; the number of establishments engaged, 5,272; and the number of hands employed, 67,145. It is a significant fact, that in the last year of the financial pinch, with a bankrupt- law abominable in its workings, with the near approach of the day fixed for the resumption of specie payment, concerning which grave anxieties were exercised, with a continued gravitation to lower values, and doubt reigning in the minds of a large class of business-men, the actual value of Cincinnati's product was $3,612,399 in excess of the previous year, and the number of hands employed larger than ever before. The aggregate produc- tion of the year was less than $8,000,000 below that of 1875; and yet since the latter year the decline in values has been enormous. It must be seen, that, to pro- duce these results, the actual product must have been materially increased. It is safe to say that thr general decline has been fully 33 per cent. From this it would appear that the production in 1878 represented goods, the value of which in 1875 would have amounted approximately to $208,104,247, indicating the largest production, measured by quantity, that the city has ever enjoyed. Of the whole production in 1878, the manufactures of metals aggregated $19,391,164; wood, $12,940,424; food, $22,032,161; liquors, $24,531,726; clozhing, $11,966,962; leather, $8,893,07 ; soap, candles, and oils, $8,525,427; Irugs, chemicals, etc., $4,031,700; papc/, $4,240,447; tobacco, $4,371,527; printing and publishing, $4,952,200; carriages, cars, etc., $3,824,- 199; stone and earth, $2,362,937; cotton, wool, hemp, etc., $1,418,400; book-bind- ing and blank-books, $578,000; fine arts, $578,670; miscellaneous, $4,097,146. The manufactures of either food, metals, or liquors were larger in 1878 than the entire manufactures of Cincinnati in 1840. Many products of this city, too, are as wide in their distribution as the whole is varied in its nature. They go not only through- out this country, but to all the nations of Europe, to China, Japan, Australia, South America, British Columbia, Sandwich Islands, etc. They carry the good name of the Cincinnati producers with them, and are steadily laying the foundations for a trade, both at home and abroad, of which the present is but a feeble promise. — Sidney D. Maxwell. There are two sets of annual reports that are invaluable in ascertaining the history and condition of the trade, com- merce, and manufactures of this city. They are the reports of the Chamber of Commerce, edited from 1849 to 1853 by Richard Smith, from 1854 to 1871 by William Smith, and from 1872 to 1879 by Sidney D. Maxwell; and those of the Board of Trade and Transportation, edited from 1868 to 1873 by H. H. Tatem, and from 1874 to 1879 by J. F. Black- burn. Markets. — One by one the old-fash- ioned markets are disappearing. The KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Pearl-street Market, on Pearl, bet. Plum and Central Avenue, was the first to dis- appear; and its place was taken by the Plum-street Depot. The Fifth-street Market, which was regarded the finest in the city, gave way to the Esplanade and Tyler-Davidson Fountain, although the Esplanade is occasionally used as a flower-market, an ornamental stand be- ing placed thereon for the purpose, to fill the letter of the law, inasmuch as the site was deeded 60 years ago for market pur- poses only. The markets now in active operation are : Lower Market, on Pearl Street, bet. Sycamore and Broadway; Sixth-street Market, on Sixth, bet. Plum and Central Avenue; Court-street Mar- ket, on Court, bet. Walnut and Vine; Findlay Market, on Findlay, bet. Elm and Plum; and Wade-street Market, on Wade, bet. Central Avenue and John Street. During market-days, hucksters and farmers are allowed to occupy the streets for a number of squares at each end of the market-houses. It is surmised that all the market-houses will soon be abolished. Masonic Temple. — This is a mass- ive freestone building, in the Byzantine style, situated on the north-east cor. of Third and Walnut Streets. It is five stories high, 195 by 100 feet, with unfin- ished spire, and cost about $200,000. The basement and ground-floor are occu- pied by banks and other business offices. The second floor is chiefly occupied by- lawyers' offices. The upper stories are devoted to the uses of the Masonic order, and are the meeting-places of most of the city lodges. There are separate halls for the entered apprentice, fellow-craft, and master-masons' lodges, the royal arch chapter, commandery, and consistory. The Temple contains also a large ban- quet-hall. It is under the control of Nova Cesarea Harmony Lodge, No. 2. In an architectural point of view, it is one of the chief ornaments of the city; and the inte- rior, which can be visited any week-day at 10 a.m., is well worth being seen. Masons, Free and Accepted. — In this city there are 16 lodges of .Master Ma- sons, including three colored lodges. Of these, nine lodges meet monthly in Ma- sonic Temple, viz. ; N. C. Harmony, No. 2; Miami, No. 46; Lafayette, No. 81 ; Cin- cinnati, No. 133; McMillan, No. 141; Cynthia, No. 155 ; Hanselmann (Ger- man), No. 20S; Kilwinning, No. 35 : and Excelsior, No. 369. Vattier Lodge, No. 386, meets on the north side of Sixth Street, bet. Central Avenue and John Street ; Hoffner Lodge, No. 253, meets in Cumminsville ; Walnut-hills Lodge, No. 483, meets at north-west corner of Gilbert Avenue and McMillan Street; Yeatman Lodge, No. 162, meets at 1079 Eastern Avenue. Of the higher Masonic bodies, the following meet in Masonic Temple : Cincinnati, No. 2, McMillan, No. 19, and Willis, No. 131, Chapters of Royal Arch Masons ; Cincinnati Coun- cil, No. 1, Royal and Select Masters; Cincinnati, No. 3, and Hanselmann, No. 16, Commanderies of Knights Templar; and the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, consisting of Ohio Consistory S. P. R. S., 32°; Cincinnati Chapter of Rose Croix, i8D; Dalcho Council, P. of J., 16 °; and Gibulum Lodge of Perfection, 140. Kilwinning Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 96, and Kilwinning Council of Royal and Select Masters, No. 52, meet on the north side of Sixth Street, bet. Central Avenue and John Street. Three colored lodges meet at the north- west cor. of Sixth and Main, viz. : Cor- inthian, No. 1; True American, No. 2; St. John, No. 3. Prince White Chapter, R. A. M., No. 1, and Zerubbabel Com- mandery, Knights Templar, No. 1, meet at the same place. The number of Ma- sons in Cincinnati is estimated at 3000. Medical Colleges. — See Miami Medical College, Medical College of Ohio, College of Medicine and Surgery, Eclectic Medical Institute, Pulte Medical College, and Physio-Medical Institute. Medical College of Ohio, the oldest medical college in the West, having been founded in 1819. The college edifice is on the south side of Sixth Street, be- tween Vine and Race Streets. Two sessions per annum are held: the regu- lar session, beginning in October, and ending in March following; the spring session, beginning in March, and lasting until June. Fees for the course, $75; matriculation, dissecting, hospital, and practical chemistry, each $5; gradua- tion, $25 There are 10 professorships. Prof. W. W. Dawson is dean of the fac- ulty. Daily clinics are held at the Good Samaritan Hospital, of which the college faculty have charge. Students also have the privilege of the clinics at the Cincin- nati Hospital. Medical Society, the Cincinnati, a society of physicians of the regular school, for the reading of papers and the KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 51 discussion of topics of interest to the medical profession. It originated in 1874 by a secession from the Academy of Medicine, caused by an unsatisfactory solution of a problem of medical ethics. During the autumn, winter, and spring months, the society holds weekly meetings at Schmidt's Hall, north-west cor. of Race and Seventh Streets. Membership fee, $3; annual dues, $2. Dr. William Carson is president, and Dr. R. B. Davy secretary. Melodeon Hall, north-west cor. of Fourth and Walnut Streets, in the third story. It is one of the large public halls in the city, and is used for first-class en- tertainments. It was for a term of years leased by the Allemania Club. It is now the properly of Peter Gibson, owner of the Gibson House adjoining. He pur- poses tearing the building down, and ex- tending the hctel to Fourth Street. Memphis & Ohio-river Packet Co., located, and its boats owned, in Cin- cinnati. Three boats a week will run be- tween Cincinnati and Memphis, requir- ing six first-class steamers to meet the service; viz., the "Andy Baum," "J. W. Gaff," " J. D. Parker," " Vint Shin- kle," " Cons. Millar," and one now being contracted for. Passenger and freight rates fluctuate, according to the season and stage of water. Wharf-boat at foot of Sycamore Street. Office, n and 12 Pub- lic Landing. James S. Wise is superin- tendent, and James D. Parker secretary and treasurer. Mercantile Library. — See Young Men's Mercantile Library Association. Merchants' and Manufacturers' Insurance Co. of Cincinnati is one of the oldest and largest of the local com- panies. Its charter, granted in 1838, is perpetual. Its cash capital is $150,000. and assets $225,866. In the 40 years of its existence it not only has paid $866,- 146 for losses, but also has declared dividends that will average over 12 per cent a year, for 1879 the dividend being 10 per cent. A general fire and cargo business is done; and the company's office is at 15 West Third Street. The record of the lime of service of its officers is noteworthy. B. 15. Whiteman was sec- retary of the Cincinnati Insurance Co. from 1832 to 1850; and then became con- nected with the Merchants' and Manufac- turers', which he served as secretary and president from 1850 to 1879. He was suc- ceeded as president by William H. Cal- vert, who had been ihc secretary of the Cincinnati Insurance Co. for 11 years. The present secretary, William C. Her- ron, is the successor in office of H. C. Gassaway, who had filled the position for 13 years. Merchants' Exchange. — See Chamber of Commerce. Meteorological Data for this city in 1878. Temperature. — The mean tem- perature of the year was 57. 240, which is 1.48° above the average of the seven pre- ceding years. The highest was 960, July 11, 17, and 18; the lowest, — 1°, Dec. 24; the yearly range, 970. The coldest month was December, mean temp. 31.43°; the coldest week, Dec. 22 to 28, mean temp. 16.39; trie coldest day, Dec. 24, mean temp. 8.500. The warmest month was July, mean temp. 81.53°; the warm- est week, July 14 to 20, mean temp. 84.86°; the warmest day, July 12, mean temp. 87.50°. The greatest monthly range of temperature was 56° in January, and least monthly range was 31 in July and August. The mean temperature of spring was 58.75°; summer, 76.36°; au- tumn, 57.46°; winter, 36.38°. Average for the past seven years: spring, 54.30°; summer, 76.72°; autumn, 56.11°; winter, 35.91°. The last light frost of spring was on May 13; the first light frost of autumn was on Oct. 12. Rains. — The entire amount of rain and melted snow was 41.62 inches, which is 0.89 inches above the average precipitation of past seven years. Either snow or rain fell on 155 days. The longest interval without rain of any consequence was from May 18 to June 7: only 0.03 inches fell during that period. Raiufail by seasons. — Spring, 9.61; summer, 13.46; autumn, 8.00; win- ter, 10.55. Average for past seven years: spring, 9.59; summer, 13.56; autumn, 7.96: winter, 9.63. There were 73 clear, 102 fair, and 35 cloudy days other than those on which rain or snow fell. Rela- tive humidity. — The mean relative hu- midity was 64.44 #; the average for past seven years was 64.50$. Winds. — The prevailing direction of wind was south- east; total movement of air, 50,806 miles; the highest monthly velocity of wind, 5,149 utiles, December; the least monthly velocity of wind, 3,302, August. Barom- eter, corrected for temperature, and ele- vation above sea-level (620.4 feel), mean barometer, 29.959: highest, 30.699, Jan. 7; lowest, 29.239, Feb. 21 ; and the annual range, 1.460 inches. Highest monthly 52 KING'S POCKET-ROOK OF CINCINNATI. pressure, 30.119, December; lowest monthly pressure, 29,752, April; greatest monthly range, 1,219, January; least monthly range, .331, August; average monthly range, .819. — Nelson Gorom, Sergeant Signal Corps, U.S.A. Methodist Episcopal Churches. — East Cincinnati District. — Asbury Chapel, Webster Street, east of Main; Camp Washington Church, Camp Wash- ington, Colerain Road; Columbia Church, Columbia; Grace Church, Maple Avenue, Avondale; High -street Church, High Street, 1st ward; McKendree Chapel, East Front, near Reed; Mt. Auburn Church, Auburn Avenue; Mt. Lookout Church, Mt. Lookout; Mt. Washington Church, Mt. Washington; Pearl-street Church, E. Pearl, near Ludlow; Pendle- ton Church, Pendleton; Trinity Church, Ninth, bet. Race and Elm; Walnut-hills Church, Walnut Hills; Wesley Chapel, Fifth, west of Broadway. West Cincin- nati District. — Christie Chapel, Court and Wesley Avenue ; Cumminsville Church, 25th ward; Fairmount Church, Fairmount; Finley Chapel, Clinton, west of Cutter; McLean Church, Ninth, near Freeman; St. John's Church, Longworth and Park; St. Paul's Church, Seventh and Smith; York-street Church, York and Baymiller. German. — Blanchard Chapel, Spring-grove Avenue, near Har- rison Road; Buckeye-street Church, Buckeye, near Main; Everett-street Church, Everett, between Cutter and Linn; Race-street Church, Race, be- tween Thirteenth and Fourteenth ; Afri- can Union Chapel, Seventh, between Plum and Central Avenue. Miami Canal. — See Canals. Miami Medical College, established in 1852, owns and occupies the building on Twelfth Street, nearly opposite the Cincinnati Hospital, where daily clinics are held during the college sessions. The faculty consists of 17 well-known physi- cians, of which Dr. John A. Murphy is the dean, and Dr. W. H. Taylor the secretary. The college museum is one of the most extensive in the country. Two sessions are annually held. The preliminary term of the regular winter course begins in September, and lasts one month, when the regular winter session begins, which lasts until March. The spring course of lectures begins in March, and ends in June. Fees for the entire course of lectures, $75; matriculation, demonstrator, and hospital tickets, $5 each; graduation, $25. Connected with the college is the Miami Medical College Dispensary, which is open to students. Miami Medical College Dispens- ary, a noble charity, in the buildings of the Miami Medical College. All sick persons who apply are treated and fur- nished medicines free of charge. The morning session, between 8 and 9 o'clock, is devoted to diseases of the eye and ear; the afternoon, between 3 and 4, to all other complaints. The dispensary is open all the year round. During the lecture-season, students of the college arc admitted to the clinics, making it an im- portant part of their medical education. The attending physicians are the faculty of the college. The annual number of patients treated is nearly 8,000. Miami Stock-yards, on Eggleston Avenue, Cleveland and Court Streets, are in complete order, with accommoda- tions for 10,000 hogs, sheep, and cattle. The Little Miami and the Louisville Short-line R.R.'s enter the yards, and the Cincinnati & Eastern and the Miami Valley Narrow-gauge R.R. are to make these yards their terminal point. The cattle-yards are covered, and every pen floored, and are provided with every con- venience for watering and feeding. The yards occupy three acres, and were open- ed in 1876. The company has a capital of $100,000. The president and treasurer is Benjamin Eggleston, and the superin- tendent is H. A. Bowman. The receipts for the year ending March 1, 1879, were nearly 100,000 hogs. Miami Valley Insurance Co. of Cincinnati was incorporated in iS37,and is to-day the fourth oldest Ohio insurance company. The cash capital is $100,000, and the gross assets $136,263. The cash dividend for 1878 was 10%. Since its organization it has received, for fire and marine premiums, $910,943.95, and paid for losses, $407,340.02. The president is George W. Jones, who has held the posi- tion since 1871 ; and the secretary William Hall. The office of the company is at No. 35 West Third Street. Military. — See Army. Mill Creek has its source in Butler County, about 35 miles from its mouth. As it passes through the city, its waters are exceedingly filthy, having received the noxious discharge^ of paper-mills, starch-factories, breweries, and distilleries, KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 53 for a distance of 12 miles. The Great- Liberty-street and McLean-avenue sew- ers add to its filthiness between Ernst Sta- tion and the Ohio. Until 1870 Mill Creek was the west corporation line of the city. The corporation line is now two miles west of the creek. The Mill-creek Bot- toms are subject to annual overflow by back-water from the Ohio. As a conse- quence they are exceedingly fertile; and all available places not used for manu- facturing purposes, stock-yards, and brick- kilns, are devoted to market-gardening. In the lowest grounds the clay deposit of the annual inundations is used for mak- ing brick. This deposit is very smooth, and in some places is made to a depth of four inches. It is removed when of the consistence of potter's clay, and needs but little manipulation to be pressed into brick. McCook Monument. — See Monu- ments. Monuments.— The McCook Monu- ment is in Washington Park, and was erected in 1876 in honor of Col. R. L. McCook, by the Ninth Ohio Regiment, which, during the late war, he command- ed until he lost his life. The base, die, shaft, and capital are of Quincy granite; and the bust is of heroic size, representing Col. McCook in uniform. The Woodward Monument is placed in the school-yard on Franklin Street, bet. Sycamore Street and Droadway. It consists of a bronze statue of William Woodward, represent- ing him draped in a cloak, and standing on a granite pedestal. It was erected by the alumni of the Woodward college and high-school, of which Mr. Woodward was the founder and benefactor. Mt. Auburn, formerly one of the irost beautiful suburbs, but now the sec- ond precinct of the 2d ward, lies on the hill at the head of Main Street, and is easiest reached by the Mt. Auburn In- clined-plane Railway. Avondale adjoins it on the north, the corporation line divid- ing them. It abounds with elegant pri- vate residences and public institutions. Mt. Harrison, the western highlands immediately north of Price's Hill. It was named Mt. Harrison because this eleva- tion was the home of ex-President Har- rison, who, in the early history of the city, built a dwelling on the slope facing Cincinnati. The dwelling was an old land-mark until removed in 1876. On one part of this elevation Chief-Justice Chase, during the early period of his residence in this city, erected a dwell- ing which yet stands. The locality has comparatively few improvements, but some of these are of the best character; and the whole district, with its delight- ful elevations, its graceful slopes and groves, is one of surpassing natural beauty. Mt. Lookout is a subdivision of the 1st ward, about four miles direct from Fountain Square. It is one of the most attractive suburban districts in the city. The observatory of the University of Cincinnati is situated here. It also con- tains a large park, which is used for pic- nics, barbecues, etc. A steam dummy- railroad connects Mt. Lookout with the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The dis- tance by railroad is six miles. The car- fare is 10 cents. Mt. Washington is one of the north- eastern suburbs of Cincinnati, its resi- dents chiefly business-men from the city. It is noted for its beautiful rolling private grounds, perfect drainage, and consequent good health; also for its fine avenues of evergreens and deciduous trees, with prob- ably the finest collection of hardy mag- nolias in the county. It has a town-hall, a fine graded pubiic school, young ladies' seminary, and three churches. 500 feet above the Ohio-river level, the views are magnificent, reaching on some high points five miles each way river-ward. The Little Miami River flows at its base. Residences comfortable, and some very fine. Reached by Little Miami Railway via Columbia ail rail, and via Linwood within two miles. Incorporated, with mayor, council, marshal, board of health, etc.; 1,000 inhabitants, and a thick pop- ulation of thousands around it, and de- pending on it for business purposes. Mozart Hall, in the third story of the Catholic Institute, cor. of Vine and Long- worth Streets. The Grand Opera-House is on the ground floor. The hall belongs to the institute, and is tiscd for fairs, lec- tures, balls, church and other entertain- ments. It is quite accessible, being half a square north of Fountain Square. Museums. — Although there are no public museums, there are many collec- tions belonging to individuals and socie- ties, which, if brought together, would form a nucleus for a museum that from its beginning would take a good rank among the public museums of this coun- 54 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. try. There is, as has been stated under Ait, a project to build a grand art-muse- um; but it is quite probable that in the same building accommodations will be provided for various collections usually not classified under art-matters. The following list is only of a part of the many collections in and around the city, and they can be seen by obtaining for this purpose an introduction to the per- sons owning or having charge of them. A rt Collections. — See heading Art. A n- tographs and Manuscripts. — An ex- ceedingly valuable collection, by reason of its immense numbers, rare manuscripts, unique arrangement, and admirable classi- fication, is owned by L. J. Cist, who has been engaged at this work for nearly 43 years. Robert Clarke has a large collec- tion of literary MSS., including some fine letters and poems of Robert Burns. The Historical and Philosophical Society and the libraries also have collections. Birds and Fishes. — See Cuvier Club, Natural History Society, and Zoological Society. Charles Dury of Avondale has an extensive collection of stuffed native birds. Books. — See Libraries. Coins. — The collection of Thomas Cleneay is said to be the most costly, most numer- ous, and most valuable in the United States. Joseph Tilton also has a large collection on which considerable money and many years' lime have been spent. Fossils. — The largest private collection in this country is that of Paul Mohr. The collection of C. B. Dyer is note- worthy for its variety, and that of S. A. Miller for its arrangement. A valuable collection was presented to the University of Cincinnati by Robert Clarke. Indian Relics. — Sec Stone, etc., below. Insects. — A most beautiful collection of butter- flies, moths, and beetles is the property of Charles Dury of Avondale, who has also a fine collection of other insects, and Stuffed animals, birds, and fishes. V. T. Chambers of Covington is said to be one of the most scientific of American ento- mologists, and has a useful collection re- lating to entomology. Medical Museums can be seen at the various medical colleges and at the Cincinnati Hospital. Natural History Specimens. — See Natural His- tory Society, Cuvier Club, and Zoologi- cal Society. Paintings. — See Art. Shells. — A beautiful and varied collec- tion owned by Prof. A. G. Wetherby of Avondale. Statuary. — See Art, Mer- cantile Library, and St. Peter's Cathedral. Stone and Flint Implements, Orna- ments, etc. — Two of the most valuable and largest private collections of this class in the West are owned in this city by Thomas Cleneay and H. H. Hill. Another collection belongs to Florien Giauque of Glendale. Musical Club, the, composed ol leading local musicians, professional and amateur, and a number of gentlemen prominent as patrons of music. It was organized in 1876, and has about 75 mem- bers. The purpose of the club is the cultivation of classical and modern chamber-music and the promotion of good feeling and harmony among mu- sicians. The club meets weekly in the rooms of the Literary Club. Musical Societies are almost innu- merable; and it would be impracticable to mention all of them. Those, however, that have a regular place of meeting, and hold regular meetings, may be noticed here, viz.: Alert Singing Club, A. P. A. Mannerchor, Odd Fellows' Mannerchor, Herwegh (Polish) Mannerchor, Cincin- nati Mannerchor, St. Cecilia Mannerchor, Germania Mannerchor, Schweizer Man- nerchor, Cincinnati Choral Society, Cin- cinnati Music Club, the Orpheus, Druiden Sangerchor, Harmonic Society, Harugari Mannerchor, Oneida Singing Club, Turner Mannerchor, and the College Choir. Most of these societies are noticed under their appropriate heads elsewhere. Music-hall and Exposition Build- ing is one of the chief ornaments of the city, and one in which the citizens have reason to take the greatest pride. It oc- cupies most of the block bounded by Elm, Fourteenth, Plum, and Grant Streets, and faces Washington Park. The build- ing is of brick, in the modernized Gothic style. The whole front on Elm Street is 402 feet; 95 feet being given to each of the Exposition buildings, and 178 feet 4 inches to the Music Hall. The widest part of the building is 316 feet. The highest point is the pinnacle of the front gable, — 150 feet above the sidewalk. The buildings are so arranged that they can be used separately or together, and the upper stories so that they can be con- nected by bridges. In these buildings is the grand Music Hall, 112 feet wide and 192 feet long, having a stage 112 feet wide by 56 feet deep. In the Music Hall there are 4,428 seats, and standing-room for 3,000 persons, beside which the stage will accommodate 1,500. In this hall is the great organ, described elsewhere. Over the vestibule is Dexter Hall, named ICING'S POCKET-tiOOK OF CINCINNATI. 55 m honor of Julius Dexter, the chairman of the building committee. This hall is 112 by 46 feet, 30 feet high. The wing? are known as the Exposition Buildings; but they are used for various purposes when the exposition season is over, and part of them will probably be used by the Women's Art Museum Association. The whole cost of the building will be about $500,000; of which sum Reuben R. Springer has given $235,000, — and by reason of this munificence the building is often called Springer Music Hall, — and citizens have contributed the balance. The whole property is managed by the Music-hall Association referred to below. Horse-cars, — Elm-street line passes the building, and the Vine-street line within two squares. Music-hall Association, the Cin- cinnati, war, organized in December, 1875, to build and control the Music Hall described above. Reuben R. Springer in May of that year had offered $125,000 towards the building of a music-hall, provided the citizens would contribute an equal sum, and the city would permit the hall to be erected on public ground. These conditions were fulfilled, and the association organized as follows: The whole subscribers to the fund selected fifty of their number to form a joint-stock company, and to hold one share of stock of the par value of $20. A shareholder cannot sell his share to anybody not first approved by the trustees ; and at his death the share reverts to the association, to be at once put into the hands of a suit- able person. The shareholders can hold only one share each; and they elect seven trustees, — one being elected every year to serve seven years. The Music Hall and the Exposition Buildings which have since been added must be rented as low as will keep them in repair. No profit can be made, and no trustee is permitted to receive any compensation. The presi- dent of the association is Joseph Long- worth, and the secretary J. F. Blackburn. Narrow-gauge Railroads. — Three narrow-gauge railroads enter Cincinnati. rinci7inati &* Eastern is the longest i. , and reaches Sardinia in Brown County. Cars start from the Little Miami Depot. Passengers change cars at Batavia Junction, eight miles from the depot, to the narrow-gauge track, which passes through Newtown and Batavia to Sardinia. College-hill fl 'arrow-gauge begins at Winton Place, and runs through College Hill to Mt. Pleasant. Passen- gers take cars at the C. II. & D. Depot. Wcsttvood Narroiv-gaiigc begins at Ernst Station, where it has a depot; but down-town passengers take the cars at the C. H. & D. Depot, and change at Ernst. The road runs eight miles west to Westwood, or Cheviot. National Banks. — See Banks. National Insurance Co. of Cincin- nati was chartered in It has a cash capital of $100,000, and assets of $145^00. Its entire premium receipts have amount- ed to $1,311,118; its losses to $831,309. The business includes fire, marine, and inland insurance. The office, which is probably the most neatly furnished of those of the local insurance companies, is at 69 West Third Street. Judge John Burgoync has been president since the company was organized, excepting three years while he was judge of the probate court of Hamilton County. Henry Ur- ner has been secretary of the company since 1854. The president and secretary of the National have been longer in the insurance business in this city than any one now engaged in it, excepting John W. Hartwell, of the Enterprise Insur- ance Co., Judge Burgoyne beginning in 1844, and Mr. Urner in 1846. The cash dividends paid by the National will aver- age 11 per cent. National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce was organized under the present name in 1879. I' 's virtually a consolidation of the National Bank of Commerce, established in 1876, and the Lafayette Bank established in 1832. The capital paid in is $400,000, and the de- posits about $1,800,000. The bank is situated at No. 20 West Third Street, and part of its rooms are occupied by the Safe Deposit Co. Wm. A. Goodman is president, Henry Peachey vice-president, Wm. J. Dunlap cashier, and Charles J. Stedman assistant cashier. The directors are John Shillito, A. D. Bullock. A. H. Andrews, R. A. Holdcn, S. H. Burton, H. Peachey, and Wm. A. Goodman. National Theatre is the oldest ami one of the largest theatres in the city. Many years it was the only theatre Cin- cinnati had, and on its boards have trod the greatest actors that ever visited this section. It is situated on the east side of Sycamore Street, between Third and Fourth, and its inconvenient location has caused its disuse for several years past. 56 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. It was opened in September, 1879, Dv W. L. Allen, with minstrel performances; but a dramatic company with " stars " each week is promised. Natural History, the Cincinnati Society of, comprising about 200 gentle- men of scientific attainments, has an endowment of $50,000. The museum of the society is filled with rare and inter- esting objects, fossils, skeletons, minerals, shells, and other natural-history and geological specimens. The building is owned by the society, and situated at No. 108 Broadway. It is open free to the public on Saturdays between the hours of 10 o'clock a.m. and 4 p.m., but strangers introduced by members can see the collections at other times. New Jerusalem Church, south-west cor. of Fourth and John Streets. The church has recently been remodelled, and has some claims to architectural beauty. The religious principles enunciated by Emmanuel Swedenborg are taught. The congregation numbers about four hun- dred. The church has a fine library of the works of Swedenborg and other writers on the dogmas of the church, which is open to the public. Newport is south-east of Cincinnati, and connected with it by the Louisville Short-line Bridge across the Ohio, and is connected with Covington by a bridge across the Licking River. It is virtually a suburb of Cincinnati, although a city of Kentucky. The population is about 20,000. It is built on an elevated plain, commanding a fine view, and has numer- ous shade-trees. It is said to have an admirable water-works system, and excel- lent water. It is sought mainly by busi- ness-men of Cincinnati as a dwelling- place by reason of its pure air and pleas- ant surroundings. Horse-cars run to and from Newport to Fountain Square, fare 10 cents. Newsboys' Home. — A branch of the Union Bethel, where homeless boot- blacks and newsboys are furnished free lodgings, baths, and cheap meals, 10 cents being the full price. Newspapers (daily). —The three great English morning papers of Cincin- nati are the " Gazette," " Enquirer," and " Commercial," all of which are printed from stereotype-plates. " The Gazette" was established in 1793, and was the first newspaper published in the North-west Territory. A bound volume of " The Centinel," as the forerunner of " The Gazette" was named, for the year 1793, is in possession of the Historical and Philosophical Society. Since the year 1826 "The Gazette" has been a daily paper. It has a very large circula- tion, and that of the weekly is said to exceed any other political paper published in the West. It is Republican in politics. It has the fastest and most complete printing-machinery in the world, and the first machinery of the kind that was built. A single perfecting-press, with a folding- attachment, is capable of printing, cut- ting, pasting in book-form, and folding ready for mailing, 30,000 eight-page papers per hour. It is also capable of printing a 16-page paper, — the size of " The New York Herald's " pages, in a single sheet. This marvel of printing-machinery'' is open to public inspection on Tuesday mornings, between the hours of 8 and 10 o'clock, at which time the weekly edition is being printed. "The Gazette" also prints a semi-weekly. Office, south-east cor. of Sixth and Vine Streets. Richard Smith is the chief editor. " The En- quirer," the largest daily, both in size and in extent of circulation, has been in ex- istence about 40 years, and is a Demo- cratic newspaper. It has made a great advance in popularity and influence by reason of its enterprise in gathering news from all parts of the world. The print- ing-machinery consists of three perfect- ing-presses, each having a capacity of 15,000 papers per hour, and a number of folding-machines. " The Enquirer " pub- lishes a weekly paper, having a large cir- culation. Office, 247 Vine Street. The chief editor is John R. McLean, who is also of the firm of Faran & McLean, the proprietors of " The Enquirer." "The Commercial" was established in 1842, and has been a very successful paper. It is independent in its political views, but generally supports the Republican candi- dates for National and State legislative and executive offices. Its daily circula- tion is very large. Its printing-machinery consists of two Web perfecting-presses, capacity 15,000 per hour each, and a suf- ficient number of folding-machines. The principal editor and owner of " The Com- mercial " is Murat Halstead. Office, north-east cor. of Fourth and Race Streets. The evening English dailies are the " Star " and " Times." " The Star " is an eight-page paper of same size and form as " The Gazette," being a quarto sheet of 48 columns. It is printed from KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 57 stereotype-plates, on the fast Bullock perfectmg-press, capable of a speed of 20,000 per hour. It prints four editions daily. " The Star " is independent in politics. It has a good weekly, which is also an eight-page quarto sheet. Lewis A. Leonard, editor and business man- ager. Office, 230 Walnut Street. "The Times" is a large folio paper, furnished at five cents per copy, but only 12 cents a week. It was established by Calvin W. Starbuck, 30 years ago, but is now owned by a joint-stock company. It has been uniformly successful. Since the forma- tion ot the Republican party, " The Times " has been one of its acknowledged organs. The circulation of the weekly, which is in a measure devoted to agricul- ture, is very large. In August, 1879, tne size was enlarged to nine columns on each of the four large pages. Henry P. Boy- den is managing editor. Office on Third Street, bet. Vine and Walnut. The Ger- man dailies are the " Volksblatt," " Volks- freund," " Freie Presse," and "Abend Post." The " Volksblatt" has the largest circulation, and is independent in politics. It has improved machinery, and is printed from stereotype-plates. It is owned by a joint-stock company. Frederick Hassau- rek is the chief editor. Office 269 Vine Street, bet. Sixth and Seventh. The " Volksfreund" is the German Democrat- ic organ. It was established in 1850, and is owned and edited by Henry Haacke. The circulation of the daily, weekly, and Sunday editions is large. The office is No. 209 Vine Street. The " Freie Presse," daily and weekly, is a Republican paper of good circulation and considerable merit. It is the rival of the " Volksblatt" among German Repub- licans, and its influence is increasing. It is published by A. Torges, jun., at the north-east cor. of Vine and Canal Streets. The " Freie Presse " also publishes an evening edition, called the " Tagliche Abend Presse." The " Abend Post " is an evening daily, Republican in politics, published at No. 342 Main Street, by Jeup & Raberg. It has been established about two years. Of the above dailies, the "Gazette," "Commercial," "En- quirer," "Times," "Volksblatt," and " Volksfreund " are members of the As- sociated Press, and use the despatches furnished by that organization. The " Star," " Freie Presse," and " Abend Post " use the National Associated Press despatches, which are furnished by the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Co. "The Cincinnati Law Bulletin" is a small daily devoted to the needs of the legal profession. It is published at No. 17 West Eighth Street. Newspapers and Periodicals pub- lished in Cincinnati, according to the City Directory for 1879, exclusive of the dailies mentioned elsewhere, are as follows: 37 English weeklies, 12 German weeklies, 1 semi-weekly, 57 monthlies, 5 semi-monthlies, and 2 quarterlies. They are devoted to almost every conceivable interest, and are of all sizes and at all prices. Newspapers and periodicals can be obtained of J. R. Hawley, 164 Vine Street; Perry & Morton, 162 Vine Street; Alfred Warren, 219 Central Avenue; and the Cincinnati News Co., 181 Race Street. Nourse, Miss Clara E. — For 19 years Miss Nourse's family and day school has been recognized as one of the worthy educational institutions of Cincin- nati. In 1879 its location was removed to 166 West Seventh Street, where it oc- cupies the " Cochnower House," one of the finest residences in the central portion of the city. The school comprises an Eng- lish department and a French depart- ment. It is conducted by Miss Nourse, assisted by 14 competent teachers. The boarding-pupils are received into the family residence of Miss Nourse on Park Avenue, Walnut Hills, and are conveyed to and from the school in a private omni- bus. Part of the first floor of the school- building is occupied by Miss Goodman's kindergarten. Observatory, the Cincinnati, is situated on a four-acre lot on Mt. Look- out, and is now a department of the Uni- versity of Cincinnati. Here is placed the celebrated Mitchel telescope, one of the most perfect instruments in the world. The focal length is 16 feet ; and the diameter of the object-glass is n inches, having magnifying powers vary- ing from 100 to 1,400 times. A regular course of instruction in mathematics and astronomy is given, with practical ap- plications of the principles studied. H. T. Eddy is the professor of astronomy and mathematics, and Ormond Stone the resident astronomer. The observatory may be reached by private conveyance, or by the Elm-street line of horse-cars connecting with the Mt. Lookout steam dummy. See Astronomical Society. Obstetrical Society, the Cincin- nati, composed of prominent obstetri 58 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. cians, holds monthly meetings at the homes of members. The society is limited to twenty members. Dr. J. W. Under- bill is president. Odd Fellows, Independent Order of. — There are 32 lodges of this order in this city, composed of some 6,ooo mem- bers. They have a revenue of over $60,000, and assets invested in govern- ment bonds and other property amount- ing to over $300,000. The beautiful Odd Fellows' Temple, on the cor. of Fourth and Home Streets, cost over $90,000, be- sides which the order has in different parts of the city 14 lodge-rooms fitted up and furnished in handsome and appro- priate style. Ohio Lodge No. 1, insti- tuted in 1830, was the first lodge west of Pittsburg, and is the parent lodge in the State of Ohio, in which there are 630 lodges, and nearly 45,000 members. In addition to the lodges, there are 15 encampments, having over 1,600 mem- bers, with investments valued at over $50,000. The 32 lodges are: Ohio, 1 : Washing- ton, 2; Cincinnati, 3; Franklin, 4; Wm. Penn, 56; Magnolia, 83: Eagle, 100; Fidelity, 71 ; Fulton, 112; Germania, 113; Metropolitan, 142; Woodward, 149; Mo- hawk, 150; American, 170: Palmetto, 175; Crystal Fount, 176; Teutonia, 177; Vulcan, 178; Hermann, 208; Queen City, 229; Mill-creek, 249; Humboldt, 274; North-western, 296 ; Wm. Tell, 335; Losanteville,336; Spencer, 347; Eclipse, 348; Nathan Stewart, 388; Kirkup,4oi; Globe, 470; Moltke, 473; Fairmount, 480. The 15 encampments are: Wildey, i; Washington, 9: Cincinnati, 22; Mah- ketewah, 32; Schiller, 42; Philadelphon, 53; Hermann, 66: Charter Oak, 77: An- derson, 85; Wm. Tell, 109; Walnut Hills, 117; Covenant, 124; Mozart, 161; Ohio, 178; Pioneer, 37. In addition to the Halls at Fourth and Home Streets, the 14 lodge-rooms are: Eagle Hall, south- west cor. Eighth Street and Central Ave- nue: Wm. Penn Hall, north-east cor. Eighth Street and Central Avenue; Globe Hall, Ninth Street and Central Avenue; Magnolia Hall, Sixth and Walnut ; Queen- city Hall, Eighth and Freeman Streets; "Vulcan Hall, Martin Street; Fulton Hall, Eastern Avenue; Spencer Hall, Eastern Avenue; Germania Hall, Court Street; Kirkup Hall, cor. Curtis and Gilbert Avenue; Moltke Hall, Freeman Street; Mill-creek Hall, Cumminsville; Nathan Stewart Hall, Twenty-first Ward; Fideli- ty Hall, Clinton and Cutter Streets. Ohio, one of the five States into which the North-west Territory was divided, and of which Cincinnati is the metropo- lis, contains 39,964 square miles, and in 1870 had a population of 2,665,260 per- sons. The first permanent settlement was made near the mouth of the Mus- kingum River by a party of 47 persons, mostly New-Englanders, under the lead- ership of Gen. Rufus Putnam, son of Israel Putnam of Revolutionary fame. They started on their long journey in the autumn of 1787, and reached their destination in the spring of the follow- ing year. The little town was named Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette, the unfortunate wife of Louis XVI. From this time the immigration, chiefly from the New-England States, was so constant, that in 1802 Ohio was admitted to the Union. Ohio is 210 miles from north to south, 200 miles from east to west, has a navigable frontier on the south, through the windings of the Ohio River, of 430 miles, has a lake shore on the north of 200 miles, and in 1875 ranked as the third State in population, wealth, and power. The word Ohio, which is of Indian origin, is said to mean " beauti- ful." It is also said to mean "bloody" and " white." The State is universally known as the Buckeye State. Ohio College of Dental Surgery, established in 1845. The building is on the west side of College Street, bet. Sixth and Seventh Streets. The regular ses- sion each year commences in October, and ends in March. Fees: lectures, $75; matriculation, $5; demonstrator of anatomy, $5; graduation, $20. A spring session is also held, for which the fees are $30 additional. The branches taught are clinical dentistry, mechanical den- tistry, anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, therapeutics, chemistry, mi- croscopy, operative dentistry, and hy- giene. H. A. Smith is dean. Ohio Mechanics' Institute, on the south-west cor. of Sixth and Vine Streets. The Institute was incorporated in 1829. From a small beginning, it encountered many drawbacks and difficulties from debt, but is now, and has been for years, on a solid foundation, owning the valua- ble building devoted to its uses. A large portion of the immense library it once possessed has been transferred to the Public Library. Five managers of the Industrial Exposition are chosen from the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. Besides KING'S POCK E 7 -BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 59 the rooms devoted to the uses of the In- stitute in their large building, there is a public hall, known as Greenwood Hall, occupying the entire third story. The ground-floor is rented for business pur- poses. The structure is of Gothic archi- tecture, 90 by 75 feet, and 100 feet high. It is an ornament to the city. Ohio Medical College Dispensary, one of the great charities of the city, is located in the building of the Medical College of Ohio. All sick persons who apply are supplied with medicines, and treated free of charge. An hour or more is devoted each day to this great humane work by the faculty of the college. From 6,000 to 8,000 patients are treated annu- ally. During the lecture-season students of the college are admitted to the clinic, but the dispensary is open every day during the year. Ohio River, upon the banks of which Cincinnati is situated, is one of the most important rivers of the United States, and is formed by the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburg, Penn., whence it flows in a south-westerly direction, dividing Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the right, from Virginia and Kentucky on the left. Its entire length is 950 miles, and it enters the Mississippi River 1,216 miles from the mouth of the latter river. Its most important tributaries are the Wabash, Cumberland, Muskingum, Kanawha, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Its medium breadth is 1,800 feet, and opposite Cin- cinnati its elevation above the level of the sea is 414 feet. The navigable waters of the Ohio and its tributaries are esti- mated at 5,000 miles; and the extent of area drained at 200,000 square miles. Old Men's Home. — A. M. Taylor of New Jersey left $10,000 for a home for aged and indigent men, provided $50,000 more should be raised for the same pur- pose. To secure this an organization was effected, and a canvass for subscrip- tions begun and carried through success- fully, the work being done almost wholly by Edward Sargent. In 1879 an ar" rangement was made with the trustees of the Widows' Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women to erect a building supplying the needs of both in- stitutions. (See Widows' and Old Men's Home.) The trustees are John Shillilo, Anthony H. Hinkie, and Edward Sar- gent. Old Streets, Boundaries, and Incidents. — In the winter of 1831-32 a flood submerged the whole lower level of the city. Water rose to the second stories of the highest houses on Front Street. Steamboats passed through Sec- ond, at that lime Columbia Street. A large number of the original citizens lived near the river; and it was not until the " miserable Yankees " came, and made a fuss about fever and ague, " and such aboriginal invigorators," that people who were "anybody" lived on the hill, — say Fourth Street. Front Street, from Walnut west to Elm, was lined by beauti- ful homes. The wharf was the meet- ing-place, especially Sunday morning. There the best townsmen exchanged the news, took a quiet "nip" at the "Or- leans Coffee-house" situated just east of Main Street on the Public Wharf, and surrounded by a large open garden, and thence went to church. Joseph Darr, the proprietor of the coffee-house, is now living in comfortable abundance, the owner of the large mansion south-east cor. Seventh and Race. The chief busi- ness-streets were Main and Lower Mar- ket, now East Pearl. Pearl Street was opened in 1832; and at what is now its intersection with Main, stood a large tavern, with a large wagon-yard into which teamsters drove. This tavern was bought from Daniel Home by merchants, who built a row of four-story brick stores, thought at the time to be the finest in America, some of which are still standing on the north side of the street. The projectors of this first great commercial enterprise were Goodman & Emerscr:, Carlisle & White, J. D. & C. Jones, C. & J. Bates, Foote & Powler, Blachly & Simpson, Reeves & McLean, David Griffin, and John R. Coram. Pearl Street, west of Walnut, was opened in 1844. Fifth Street, except from Main to Vine, was occupied by cheap residences; and a wooden market-house filled the space now occupied by the Esplanade. About 1833 Broadway and East Fourth began to be pretentious as desirable resi- dence streets. Prior to 1841 Fourth Street west of Walnut, as far as Plum, was a beautiful street. In 1841 improve- ments were made west of Plum, and gradually reached the " fence " which ended the street at what is now Wood Street. In 1832 Columbia, now Second Street, was merely a dirty creek, crossed by wooden bridges at all intersections west of Walnut. No business of impor- tance was done west of Main. The 6o KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. wharfage was between Main and Broad- way, and even as late as 1846 the wharf- space was a great mud-hole, sprinkled with coarse gravel. All transportation was done by river, by canal, or by coun- try wagons. As late as 1842 the Little Miami R.R. opened the State of Ohio, and about 1848 the Madison & Indian- apolis R. R. the State of Indiana. In 1840 streets beyond the canal were sim- ply unmacadamized roadways. Central Avenue was then Western Row, which north of Court Street ran through pas- tures. Nearly every family kept a cow; and the cows were driven to the pastures in the morning, and were turned loose to wander home at night to be milked in the alleys and side-yards. The great charac- teristics of a city were not to be seen in Cincinnati until about 1848, when a " hog-law " drove those " first scaven- gers" from the streets. Ash-piles were Tondemned, and the city supplied with water and gas. Most of the houses were cheaply built, and but few men kept carriages. There were only a few schools worthy of note. The merchants often entertained customers at their homes, and the general habits of pioneer simplicity prevailed. Turnpikes from the city were built between 1834 and 1840, and many of the citizens of to-day re- member the mud-roads to Walnut Hills. Prior to 1840 Clifton was unknown. Cumminsville, now the 25th ward, and Camp Washington, now the 24th ward, were all farms. The " sports " gathered at a mile race-track, south of the old Brighton House, where the John-street horse-car stables are. The principal drives were up the river-bank to " Cor- bin's," or down to old Joe Harrison's place. Only occasional pleasure-parties ascended the hills, and then chiefly to- wards Cleves. The "down-river" road found all the fast horses, and Joe Harrison gave them good cheer. A few elegant homes, some yet in good condition, lined the hill-side of the road which was approached by Front Street, and by a road, the Sixth Street of the present time. West of Western Row, Sixth Street was not improved much earlier than 1840. A great orchard stood on a high bank west of Park Street : milk- yards and brick-kilns generally occupied that locality. The pioneers of wealth in that street were Abraham M. Taylor, who recently gave $10,000 towards the Old Men's Home, James Taylor, Wil- liam Neff, J. P. Tweed, Ambrose Dud- ley, Pollock Wilson, H. W. Derby, and others. The great Barr Estate was north of Sixth Street, and was subdivided after 1843, and the Hunt or Pendleton Estate at the head of Broadway about 1846. In that neighborhood few houses were seen. The pork-houses were on Sycamore and Canal Streets; the wholesale dry-goods houses, on Pearl and Main Streets; and the large grocery houses, on Main, Front, and Pearl Streets. Such is a faint outline of what the great city of Cincinnati was only forty years ago. — From Notes 0/ Geo. W. Jones. Orphan Asylums. — See Boys' Pro- tectory, Children's Home, Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, Colored Orphan Asy- lum, German Protestant Orphan Asy- lum, Newsboys' Home, St. Aloysius's Orphan Asylum, St. Peter's and St. Jo- seph's Orphan Asylum, — all noticed in their alphabetical places. Opera- Houses. — See Amusements. Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, connected with the Pulte Medical Col- lege, is devoted to the homoeopathic treat- ment of diseases of the eye and ear. The poor are treated free of charge. Orangemen . — There are about eighty active Orangemen in the city. They constitute the True Blue Lodge, which meets semi-monthly at Odd-Fellows' Hall, north-east cor. of Fourth and Home Streets. Organ, the Great, in Music Hall, is one of the largest and finest in the world. It was built in Boston, but the artistic screen of wild cherry was designed and carved by residents of Cincinnati. It is 60 feet high, 50 feet front, 30 feet deep. It has 96 registers, 6,237 pipes, 32 bells, 14 pedal-movements, and 4 keyboards of 61 notes each. Its cash cost was $32,000. A description with illustrations, in pam- phlet form, edited by George Ward Nich- ols, is for sale by the superintendent of the hall, price 10 cents. The organ can be visited week-days from 4 to 6 p.m. An organ concert, by George E. Whiting, takes place Wednesday and Saturday afternoons at 2} o'clock; admission, 25 cents. Orphan Asylum, the Cincinnati, the oldest charity of the kind in the West, was chartered in 1833. It is situated at Mt. Auburn, and is conducted by ladies, but its finances are managed by gentle- men. The institution is Protestant, but not sectarian, and is supported by an KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 61 endowment-fund, subscriptions, and con- tributions. The policy of the manage- ment differs somewhat from that of other orphan-asylums, in that it aims to secure greater chances of usefulness and respec- tability to the children, by keeping thorn in the institution longer than they are usually kept, and by giving them the benefits of a common-school education. A kindergarten, which had 30 children last year, is attached to the institution; and the older children attend regularly the public school on Mt. Auburn, the average number of the latter being 70. Between school-hours and during vaca- tion the children are trained in domestic work. About 17,000 children have been cared for by this institution since its organization. Mrs. Catharine Bates is president, Mrs. Aaron F. Perry vice- president, Mrs. John R. Wright record- ing secretary. Orpheus, the Cincinnati, a musical association having about 100 members of both sexes. Weekly practice-meetings are held in the hall of the German Mutual Insurance Co.'s building, at the south- west corner of Twelfth and Walnut Streets. Out-door Poor, so called because they cannot be admitted to the Infirmary. They are widows with families, and men out of work, whose families would suffer if not relieved by the city authorities. They are supplied with a limited amount of provisions and coal, on certificates issued by the sanitary police detailed for the purpose. The city is divided into 12 poor-districts. Provisions are issued from the Infirmary office, on Plum Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets. Overseers of the Poor. — Formerly the " out-door poor " had their wants at- tended to by a board of 25 overseers, one from each ward, at a salary of $600 each per annum. These overseers have been discontinued, and their duty devolved upon the sanitary police. " Over-the-Rhine " is a name desig- nating the district lying in the angle formed by the "elbow" of the canal, east of Plum Street, north of Canal or Eleventh Street, and south of the north- ern circle of hills. It contains part of the 9th, the 7th, 10th, nth, and 13th wards. It is the most densely popu- lated portion of the city, and is inhabited by about 25,000 persons, almost exclu- sively Germans, and Americans of Ger- man descent. Music Hall is situated in this district. Innumerable variety-shows, beer-gardens, and other places of amuse- ment and recreation, are in its precincts. It is a famous place of resort at all times, but especially on Sunday, for those who love excitement and beer. There is no sabbath " Over-the-Rhine." Nearly all the business-houses are kept open seven days in the week, and many saloons all night. Painters. — A. W. Corwine, a minia- ture-painter, was, about 1820. the first artist of ability whose name occurs in the annals of Cincinnati; a few years after- ward came Thomas Dawson; and about 20 years ago William Miller was a minia- ture-painter, well remembered by many of the present generation of Cincin- natians. A. Hervieu, who accompanied Fanny Wright on her second journey to this country, became a resident of the city, and was probably the first histori- cal and landscape painter in the West. One of his large paintings was " The Landing of Lafayette in Cincinnati in 1825." All traces of this painting have been lost, but it is believed to have been taken to Europe. Hervieu was em- ployed by Mrs. Frances Trollope; and only a few years ago his decorations could yet be seen on the panels of the doors of her country-house now standing on the south-west cor. of McMicken Ave. and Dunlap Street. In the early part of the decade of 1830-40, James H. Beard be- gan painting portraits, and tried various branches of art, until in 1846 he moved to New York; but since that time he has resided for short periods in this city, where Frank Beard, his son, did his first work. Miner K. Kellogg, and William H. Powell, the painter of" De Soto dis- covering the Mississippi River," were local contemporaries of Beard. E. Hall Martin, a native of this city, painted portraits and genre subjects. Thomas Buchanan Read, painter and poet, was one of the Cincinnati artists of 40 years ago; his first attempts being in 1839 in sculpture. Somewhat later than Read, W. L. Sonntag and W. W. Whittredge, known as Worthington Whittredge, made in Cincinnati their first efforts at land- scape-painting, and were prominent among the local artists until the decade of 1850-60. Joseph O. Eaton about the same time was the painter of many excel- lent portraits and other works; but, after spe.iding some years here, he moved to New York. John R. Johnson, born in 62 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Cincinnati, was also a contemporary, but remained to a later period until his re- moval to Baltimore. C. T. Webber, an- other of the same group, is still a resident of this city, where he has practised his profession for 30 years. His portrait of Gov. Charles Anderson is a noted speci- men of great skill. Edwin C. Cridland, a pupil of Beard, began here about 1850. John R. Tait, a native of this city, has spent most of his time in Europe, and, after short periods of residence in Cincin- nati, has become a resident of Baltimore. Mrs. Lily Martin Spencer was a well- known painter from 1850 to i860. About the same period there were R. S. Dun- canson, " a man of color as well as a col- orist," who was a landscape-painter, hav- ing a high imaginative power; Charles R. Soule, the portrait-painter; and A. H. Wyant, who began about 1858; J. E. F. Hillen, an unrivalled sketcher of trees and foliage, and Fabronius, an equal master of heads, have a place in the record of artists in this city about i860; and G. Rossi, an Italian, was one of their contemporaries. Thomas C. Lind- say, a prolific landscape-artist, has pur- sued his industrious career in Cincinnati for at least 20 years. Henry W. Kemp- er, a landscape-painter, lately returned after an absence of 15 years, was born here ; and Dwight Benton, now a resi- dent of Rome, dates his career as a land- scape-artist from the time of his residence in this city, about 1865. George' Sharp- ies, artist and cotton-merchant, was de- voted to landscape-painting for a few years in the present decade. John Au- brey has been engaged in painting por- traits for the past 20 years. About i860 Theo. Jones was a noted local caricatur- rist; and William P. Noble, born here, was devoted to the same work, as well as to painting in water-colors. William Winter, 1860-70, merits special mention for prominence in water-color portraits. E. D. Grafton, now so well known, has for many years been a painter in water- coiors and an unrivalled arabesque artist. A majority of the later artists were edu- cated at Munich. Franz Duveneck has acquired fame; and his works have been highly appreciated, especially in Boston. Henry Mosler has the honor of hav- ing some of his works admitted into the Paris Salon; and one of them was bought by the French Government for the Luxembourg Gallery. John Twacht- mann has left here, and gone to New York, where he has met with much suc- cess. Henry F. Farny is a resident art- ist, of varied talent. J. H. Decamp is now a student at Munich; and Frank Strobridge, after a short life full of prom- ise, died in 1879. Of the " Spanish-Roman Set," Alfred Brennan and Robert Blum are in New York; and Kenyon Cox is studying in Paris. Thomas S. Noble was a pupil of Couture, and is the painter of many works of merit. Among the many artists who have been here for brief periods were Eastman Johnson, F. C. Welch, William M. Chase, Victor Nehlig, John Mulvany, Ira C. Dennis, and E. F. Andrews. Paris of America is a name really given to this city by "The Cincinnati Commercial." One Monday morning in the early part of 1878, in " The Commer- cial's " local columns, edited then and now by Edwin Henderson, appeared a long report of the varied and numerous amuse- ments taking place on the Sunday pre- ceding; and at the head of the report was the line " The Paris of America," — a phrase eminently suggestive of Sunday revelry, and which at once became popu- lar. Newspapers, railroads, shows, and advertisers have used it so much as an attractive catch-line, that it has become a generally recognized name for Cincin- nati. The term has been occasionally applied to Cincinnati for more than ten years, and originated from an address by Judge George Hoadly, when he prophe- sied that Cincinnati would be " a city fair to the sight, with a healthy public spirit, and high intelligence, sound to the core; a city with pure water to drink, pure air to breathe, spacious public grounds, wide avenues; a city not merely of much traf- fic, but of delightful homes ; a city of man- ufactures, wherein is made every prod- uct of art, — the needle-gun, the steam- engine, the man of learning, the woman of accomplishments; a city of resort for the money-profit of its dealings, and the mental and spiritual profit of its culture, — the Edinboro' of a new Scotland, the Boston of a new New England, the Paris of a new France." Shortly afterwards the phrase, " Paris of America," was ap- plied to Cincinnati ; and in " The Queen City," a history and guide of the city in 1869, George E. Stevens says, " It has been no idle fancy that has styled Cincin- nati the ' Paris of America.' " Parks. — There are 9 public parks in the city limits; viz., Eden Park, Burnet- woods Park, Lincoln Park, Washington Park, Hopkins Park, Mt. Lookout Park, KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 63 Eighth-street Park, City Park, and Water- works Park: all of which are described in their alphabetical places. Pendleton. — That portion of the city- lying on the river-front, at the base of the hills, south-east of Walnut Hills, and east of Fulton, extending to Sportsman's Hall, 35 miles from Fountain Square. It constitutes a portion of the ist ward. At its eastern limit are the depots of the Columbia and Mt. Lookout steam dummy railroad. The Elm-street line of horse- cars connect with the dummy. The Little Miami R.R. also has a station here. Pharmaceutical Examining Board consists of three members, appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. They are chosen from ten pharmacists nominated by the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. The province of the board is to examine applicants in chemistry, materia medica, and pharmacy, so as to determine their qualifications as retail druggists and dis- pensing pharmacists. The board grants two certificates, — a first-grade certificate authorizing the holder to register before this board and conduct a retail drug- business; and a second-grade certificate, making the holder a " qualified assistant pharmacist." Holders of first-grade cer- tificates, and graduates of recognized col- leges of pharmacy, are registered; and by a law enacted in 1873, and amended in 1875, all persons in the retail drug-busi- ness must be registered. The examining- board holds sessions bi-monthly, in Feb- ruary, April, June, August, October, and December. Philosophical Society. — See His- torical and Philosophical Society of Ohio. Fhocr.ix Club, the largest and most fashionable of the Israelite clubs. It occupies a fine building on the north-cast cor. of Court Street and Central Avenue, to which the club removed when its former club-house on Walnut Street was torn down to make room for the new government buildings now being erected. The present building was remodelled in 1874 at a cost of $60,000. It contains, besides a large hall for balls and parties, 12 large social rooms, a restaurant, sup- per-room, billiard-rooms, library-room, and reading-room, the whole elegantly furnished. There are 240 members. Annual subscription, $60. Peebles' Fi^e Grocery. — One of the sights of Cincinnati is the really at- trn< live grocery of the old firm of Joseph K. Peebles' Sons, 73 Wesi 4th St., Pike's Opera House Building. Their stock of foreign and domestic groceries, fruits, wines, whiskeys, brandies, gins, rum, champagnes, imported and domestic ci- gars, is simply immense. The building itself is 30x202 feet, with basement and s;;b-cellar same size. It is fitted up with black-walnut furniture, Queen Anne style, sliding sash, plate glass. A Tennessee marble base, six inches high, extends throughout the entire store. Gas fix- tures, original design, are a novelty themselves. The scales are silver-plated. Such an institution must be seen to be appreciated. Potcery, Artistic. — As the develop- ment of the art of pottery-painting has gained Cincinnati a name, so have the firm of F. Schultze & Co. likewise gained one for themselves in their selection of specimens in art-pottery, porcelains, and fine glassware. F. Schultze & Co. have imported many of the most elegant speci- mens of ceramic art to be found in the collections of connoisseurs. Mr. F. Schultze personally selects these articles in his annual trip to Europe, which ena- bles them to claim a foremost position among dealers in this class of ware. Their salesrooms are at 72 West 4th St. Physicians, Surgeons, and Den- tists."— It often occurs that a stranger in a city has need of medical or surgical aid, and is timid about asking the advice of an acquaintance, or wants confidence in intrusting himself to practitioners un- known to him. For this reason the pub- lisher has given below the names of some practitioners who rank unquestionably among the most highly esteemed, the most successful, and the most trustworthy persons of their profession; and the pub- lisher wishes to state very clearly that no personal or pecuniary considerations whatever, directly or indirectly, have in- fluenced him in the selection of the names given. The men have already established their reputations by long residence and success, or by being intrusted with pro- fessorships at medical colleges and re- sponsible appointments at hospitals. It is necessary to add that the list is only a small part of the large number of emi- nently respectable and able physicians, surgeons, and dentists, and that there are many practitioners in this city, whose names are not given for want of space, who, in the judgment of the ablest ex- 64 KING'S POCKET-BOOIC OF CINCINNATI. perls, rank equal in every particular to those whose names are found below. It is also necessary to warn a stranger likely to be influenced by advertisements, to keep away from the doctors who ad- vertise. For a person once getting into the hands of a quack — and quacks are numerous among the great advertisers in a profession — will very likely pay dearly for his experience. A person afflicted in any manner whatsoever can always safely intrust himself to the care of a regular practitioner in first-class standing; and to aid in finding such practitioners this list can be relied on. General Surgeons. — W. W. Dawson, professor of surgery and dean at the Medical College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Good Samaritan Hospital. Office, north-west cor. Third and Broadway. W. H. Mussey, professor of surgery at the Miami Medical College, and surgeon at the Cincinnati Hospital; office, 70 West Seventh. P. S. Conner, professor of anatomy and surgery at the Medical College of Ohio, and surgeon at the Cin- cinnati Hospital; office, 159 West Ninth Street. C. S. Muscroft, sen., surgeon at the Cincinnati Hospital and the St. Mary's Hospital; office, 335 John. N. Pendle- ton Dandridge, pathologist at the Cin- cinnati Hospital; office, 57 East Fourth Street. General Practitioners. — Wm. Car- son, physician at the Cincinnati Hospital; office, 53 East Fourth. C. G. Comegys, physician at the Cincinnati Hospital; office, 163 Elm. James T. Whittaker, professor of medicine at the Medical Col- lege of Ohio, and physician at the Good Samaritan Hospital; office, 100 West Eighth. Joshua W. Underhill, professor of materia medica and therapeutics at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery; office, 434 John Street. John A. Murphy, professor of medicine and dean of Miami Medical College, and physician at the Cincinnati Hospital; office, 163 West Seventh. William Clen- denin, professor of anatomy at the Miami Medical College, and formerly the health- officer of Cincinnati; office, 136 West Seventh. Gynaecologists and Obstetricians. — Thaddeus A. Reamy, professor of obstet- rics and diseases of children at Medical College of Ohio, and gynaecologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital; office, 278 West Fourth Street. Wm. H. Taylor, professor of obstetrics at the Miami Med- ical College, and obstetrician at the Cin- cinnati Hospital; office, 329 West Seventh Street. C. D. Palmer, professor of dis- eases of women and gynaecology at the Medical College of Ohio; office south- east cor. Baymiller and Findlay. Auristsand Oculists. — Elkanah Wil- liams, one of the most celebrated oculists in America, and professor of ophthalmolo- gy at the Miami Medical College; office, 64 West Seventh. W. W. Seely, professor of diseases of the eye and ear at the Medical College of Ohio, and ophthalmol- ogist at the Good Samaritan Hospital; office, south-east cor. of Fourth and Broad- way. Joseph Aub, professor of diseases of the eye and ear at the Cincinnati Col- lege of Medicine and Surgery, and oculist at the Cincinnati Hospital; office, 84 West Seventh. Homceopatliists. — T.%C. Bradford, who has practised homoeopathy in this city for more than twenty years; office, 215 Race. J. D. Buck, professor of phys- iology and microscopy at the Pulte Med- ical College; office, 305 Race. S. R. Beckwith, a teacher of homoeopathy for more consecutive years than any person in this country, and for several years pro- fessor of surgery at the Pulte Medical College, and Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital College; office, 161 West Sev- enth Street. Eclectic Practitioner. — A. J. Howe, professor of surgery at the Eleclic Medi- cal Institute; office, north-west cor. Fourth and Main. Dentists. — Jonathan Taft, author of several works on dentistry, and for many years dean of the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and now professor of dentistry and dean of the dental college connected with the University of Michigan; office, 117 West Fourth Street. James Taylor, professor of dentistry at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery; office, 171 Elm Street. L. P. Meredith, a dentist of long experi- ence and extensive practice, and author of several works on dentistry ; office, 197 West Fourth Street. D. W. Clancey, clinical instructor at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, north-east cor. Seventh and John Streets. Specialist in Diseases of the Throat. — Bernard Tauber, professor of acoustics and anatomy of the ear and larynx at the College of Music; office, 157 West Ninth Street. Physio-Medical Institute, located on the north-west cor. of Seventh and Cutter Streets. The " doctrines of a vital force and the rejection of poisons are taught." KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 65 Pike's Opera-House, in the massive building belonging to the estate of the late Samuel N. Pike, on the south side of Fourth Street, bet. Walnut and Vine, is the most elegant hall in the city. It has a parquette, parquette-circle, dress-circle, gallery, and four proscenium-boxes. The dress-circle has eight box-stalls on either side, next the stage, each seating four persons. The whole seating capacity is 2,000. The hall is used for opera, dra- matic entertainments, concerts, lectures, and other transient shows. It is on the second floor, and is approached from Fourth Street by one wide and two narrow stairways. The building stands on the site of the old Pike's Opera-House, which was destroyed by fire in 1866. It is only one square south of Fountain Square, and is therefore easily accessible by all the street-railroad lines. Pioneer Association, the Cincin- nati, was organized in 1856 of ladies and gentlemen who had resided in Ohio prior to the 4th of July, 1812. Subsequently the limit for membership was changed to the year 1815. Quarterly business-meetings in March, June, September, and Decem- ber, are held in the Council Chamber of the City Building. On the 4th of July, the birthday of American Independence; on the 7th of April, the anniversary of the settlement of Ohio; and on the 28th of December, the recognized date of the set- tlement of Cincinnati, — on all those days the formal and festive gatherings and ex- cursions take place. Since the organiza- tion was formed, about 400 members have died, and their funerals were attended by the surviving members. There are now about 300 members; and the whole cost to each member for enrolment-fee and dues has been only $1. The president is Nicholas Goshorn; and the secretary is John D. Caldwell, who, although not by birth entitled to membership, is, how- ever, by adoption one of the most honored and active members, and has held his present position for almost a score of years. Police. — The police-force of Cincin- nati is controlled by the board of police- commissioners. The executive officer is the superintendent, and next to him is the inspector. The patrolmen are directly controlled by 19 lieutenants and 13 ser- geants, distributed among ten police- districts, each containing a station-house, to which a certain number of patrolmen report. The rank and file of the force for the year 1878 numbered 355- Ten patrolmen are detailed as detectives, and do not wear uniforms while on duty. During the year 1878 the number of arrests made was 13,955. Of these, 9,266 were for crimes and misdemeanors, and 4,689 for safe-keeping ; the latter being discharged without trial before the police-court. The police-commissioners serve without pay. The salary of the superintendent is $2,500 per annum; inspector, $1,500; lieutenants, $900 each; and patrolmen, $800 each. The total cost of the department in 1878 was $258,619. It is probably the most efficient, and at the same time the least expensive, of the police-departments of this country. The cost to each resident is about 73 cents, while in New York the cost is about $3.50. Police-Commissioners, the Board of, have control of the police-depart- ment, health-department, city-infirmary, and out-door poor, are elected by the people, and serve a term of five years without compensation. Following are the names of the present commissioners, with the year of expiration of their terms of office: W. W. Sutton, president, 1880: John Dorsch, 1881 ; Daniel Weber, 1882; one vacancy ; J. H. Setchel, 1884. J. M. Hanson is secretary of the board, which meets every Monday afternoon in the City Buildings. Police-Stations. —The city is divid- ed into ten police-districts, each having a station-house for the temporary confine- ment of arrested persons. At each sta- tion-house a certain number of police- men report, morning and evening, for roll-call. The station-houses are situated as follows: 1st district, Ninth Street, near Central Avenue; 2d, Hammond Street, bet. Third and Fourth; 3d, Bre- men Street, bet. Fifteenth and Liberty; 4th, Third Street, west of Mill Street; 5th, cor. Linn and Oliver Streets : 6th, Fulton; 7th, Walnut Hills ; 8th, Corry- villc; qth, Sedamsville; 10th, Cummins- ville. Population, according to United- States census, was in 1800, 750; 1810, 2,540; 1820, 9,602; 1830, 24,831; 1840, 46,338; 1850, 115,436: i860, 161,044; 1870, 216,239. Of the population in 1870, there were 79,612 foreigners, including 49,448 born in Germany, 18,624 in Ire- land, 3,526 in England, 2,093 in Franc. 210,335 were white, and 5,904 colored. In 1880 the population will number almost 400,000. 66 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Porkopolis is one of the names by which Cincinnati is known, and its origin is explained in the following manner: About 1825 George W. Jones, president of the United-States branch-bank, and known as " Bank Jones," was very en- thusiastic about the fact that 25,000 to 30,000 hogs were being killed in this city every year ; and in his letters to the bank's Liverpool correspondent he never failed to mention the fact, and express his hope of Cincinnati's future greatness as a pro- vision-market. The correspondent, after receiving a number of these letters, had a unique pair of model hogs made of papier- mache, and sent them to " George W. Jones as the worthy representative of Porkopolis." The hogs were kept in the bank until it closed, and were then taken care of by Mr. Jones, who a few years before his death handed them over to John W. Coleman, one of the largest slaughterers at the time; and he in turn passed them over to H. A. Bowman, superintendent of the Miami stock-yards, who leaves them at the office of Samuel Davis, jun., & Co. Pork-Packers Association of Cin- cinnati dates its organization Oct. 30, 1872, and has for its object the promo- tion of the interests of the provision-trade by securing concert of action and a free interchange of opinion, and by submitting recommendations as to rules for the gov- ernment of the provision-trade of this city to the Chamber of Commerce for consideration. Its members comprise the leading pork-packers of Cincinnati, and to its deliberation the present code of laws for the government of the local provision-trade is largely traceable. It was the first to take the lead in granting reciprocal judicial privileges to the mem- bers of other commercial organizations, adopting a like rule throughout the country. It has made exhibitions at Vienna and at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition, and has always been influen- tial in the council of the National Pork- Packers' Association. The room used is set apart for the association by the Cham- ber of Commerce, to which it is a recog- nized adjunct; all members of the Asso- ciation being members of the Chamber, and all members of the Chamber having free access to all privileges of the Asso- ciation-rooms. Portsmouth, Big Sandy, and Pom- eroy Packet Co., the Cincinnati, owns eight boats. Of these " The Ohio, No. 4," "The Telegraph," and " Th< Potomac " make daily trips to Pomeroy, O.; "The Bostona, " and "The Fleet- wood," daily trips to Huntington, W. Va., where they connect with the Chesa- peake & Ohio R.R.; "The Bonanza," tri-weekly trips to Portsmouth, O. ; " The Wildwood," tri-weekly trips to Maysville, Ky.; and "The City of Portsmouth," daily trips (except Sundays) to Chilo, O. The company also does a general towing- business, and for this purpose owns three boats, " TheT. W. Means," " The Etna," and " The Cobb Cecil," and about 20 barges. " The A. L. Norton," also owned by this company, is used for transient passenger business. The president is David Gibson, the secretary T. N. John- son, and the superintendent W. Hon- shell. Post-office Statistics. — The total receipts of the Cincinnati post-office for the year 1878 were $431,844.30, and the total expenses only $149,159.14. There were nearly 40,000 money-orders issued, from which the total receipts, with the fees therefor, were $2,082,815.07. Free delivery is made by 73 carriers, who handled 21,006,765 pieces of mail matter; 3,745,434 letters were delivered from the general delivery; letters advertised, 21,- 476; sent to dead-letter office, 22,269; newspapers held for postage, and sold for waste paper, 31,286. Deposits for mail- ing were, letters, 15,435,828; postal- cards, 3,057,840; newspapers, 4,627,548; packages of newspapers, 37,296; unsealed circulars and other third-class mail mat- ter, including books and merchandise, pieces, 4,222,908. Total number of pieces, 27,381,420; total weight, 950,380 pounds. Number of postal-cards sold, 4,100,000. Post-office, the, is in the building on the south-west cor. of Fourth and Vine Streets, and occupies the basement and the west half of the first floor; in which latter are the registry and money- order departments and the offices of the postmaster and his secretary. The pres- ent quarters are much too small; and the post-office, with all its various depart- ments, will be moved into the building now being erected by the United-States Government, as soon as it is completed. John P. Loge is postmaster. See Cus- tom-House, and see Government Build- ing. Pottery Decoration has gained for the city a name contributing somewhat to KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 67 its reputation in art-matters. The work has been accomplished by amateurs, al- most exclusively by ladies. The owners of the potteries have assisted their efforts; but as yet the potters have failed to take the lead in the matter, and have confined themselves to the production of undecorated wares. The variety and superior qualities of the clays of Ohio and the neighboring States make possible the building-up of a great industry at a place where unrivalled facilities are afforded for the creation of artistic products from materials as well suited for the purposes as any in the world. Robert Clarke & Co. have just published the eighth edition of " China Painting," a valuable manual for amateurs, by Miss M. Louise Mc- Laughlin of this city. Pottery Club, an organization of ladies, amateurs in art-work, formed April, 1879, for the decoration in under- glaze painting of pottery made from the clays of the Ohio Valley. Miss M. Louise McLaughlin is president, Miss Clara Newton secretary. The club meets Tuesdays and Thursdays at the Women's Art Museum Association Rooms. Presbyterian Churches. — Avon- dale, Avondalc, George C. Heckman, D.D., pastor; Central, Mound and Barr Streets, Robert Patterson, pastor; Cum- minsville, Langland and Lingo Streets, G. R. Alden, pastor; Fifth, John and Clark, A. B. Morey, pastor; First, Fourth, bet. Main and Walnut; First cf Walnut Hills, McMillen St. and Gilbert Avenue, George Fullerton, pastor; First German, Linn, near Dayton Street, J. Lichtenstein, pastor; Lincoln Park, Hop- kins, west of Freeman Avenue, Edward Cooper, pastor; Mt. Auburn, Auburn Avenue, E. D. Lcdyard, pastor; Olivet Mission, Carr, below Sixth, J. P. E. Kumlcr, pastor; Orchard-street, Orchard, east of Main, R. H. Leonard, pastor; Pilgrim Mission, Fifth, east of Lock; Poplar-street, Poplar, east of Freeman Avenue, James C. White, pastor ; Second, south-west cor. of Eighth and Elm, T. H. Skinner, pastor; Second German, Liber- ty, west of Freeman, G. W. Winnes, pas- tor; Seventh, Broadway, bet. Fourth and Fifth ; Sixth, Eastern Avenue, near Vance, R. S. Rust, pastor ; Third, Seventh, west of Linn, J. P. E. Kumler, pastor. Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals, the Ohio State Society for, was organized in May, 1873. Its principal ounce is in Cincinnati, at No. 55 West Fourth Street. Arrangements are now being perfected to establish branch- offices throughout the State of Ohio. During the six years since its organiza- tion, it has done a noble work in decreas- ing the number of cases of brutality to animate beings. The society is supported largely by subscriptions. Life-members pay $100; active members $5 a year, and children $1 a year. It also has re- cently begun publishing " The Humane Appeal." Price's Hill is on the west bank of Mill Creek, overlooking the Ohio River. Its height above the river is about 400 feet. The high ground continues west- ward beyond Warsaw, a distance of four miles. It is covered with elegant private residences, convents, schools, and col- leges. Its summit is reached by Price's- hill Inclined-plane Railway, the foot of which is at the junction of Eighth Street and Walker-mill Road. The Warsaw Pike, winding around the hill by easy grades, is also a means of reaching the top. There are grounds, pavilion, and terrace connected with the Price's-hill House at the summit, and music is often furnished there. Picnics and pleasure- parties also make use of the grounds. The views of the river and surrounding country are not surpassed by any in this city. The Eighth-street line of horse-cars stop at the foot of the plane. Provisions, — As a great provision- market, Cincinnati ranks second to but one city in the world ; and as a market for the' best quality of meats, bringing the largest prices, the city ranks first. In the winter season of 1877-78, there were 632,302 hogs packed here; the cost of which was $7,540,967. There were 59,- 107 barrels of hog-meat and 81,653 pack- ages of lard produced. During the year ending Aug. 31, 1879, the imports and exports were as follows: — Hogs and hog product. Imports. Exports. Number of hogs 1,069,146 231,929 Pork, barrels of. 3,189 67,611 Lard, pounds of 9.435.791 43.658,859 Meats, pounds of 18,617,937 93,447-945 During the summer season about 150,- 900 hogs are packed. For the year end- ing Aug. 31, 1878, the live-stock statistics are as follows: — Receipts. Shipments. Cattle .... 173,987 80,504 Sheep .... 362,493 286,961 Horses and mules 16,506 13,220 68 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. In the provision-trade, that is, slaugh- terers, packers, and curers of meats, there are 113 firms, with an invested cash capi- tal of $4,230,000. They occupy real estate valued at $3,248,000: employ 1,250 persons; and the value of their product for 1878, including lard, was $15,561,164. Among the most prominent firms in this trade are Samuel Davis, jun., & Co., office and packing-house cor. Court Street and Broadway; Evans & Kinney, office room B, Pike's Opera-House, and pack- ing-house adjoining the United Railroads Stock- Yards; Evans. Lippincott, & Cun- ningham, office and packing-house cor. Bank and Patterson Streets; James Mor- rison & Co., office and packing-house cor. of Bank and Riddle Streets; Joseph Rawson & Son, packing-house on Spring- grove Ave., near the United Railroads Stock-yards, office and warehouses 300 and 310 Sycamore Street. There are also a* number of firms who do a commission business in provisions; and prominent among these is the firm of Wm. H. Davis & Co., 271 and 273 Sycamore Street, who are also curers of hams and salt meats on commission account. F. A. Laidley & Co. are not only extensive pork-packers, but are also large jobbers in all kinds of provisions. Their packing-house is on the Colerain Pike, and office No. 85 West Second Street. See Stock- Yards. Public Library and Reading-room, Vine, bet. Sixth and Seventh Streets. It is under the control of the chairman of the Board of Public Education, and six persons appointed by that board. It con- tains 108,000 volumes and 12,000 pam- phlets, and is free in every particular. About $60,000 a year is spent for its sup- port ($18,000, derived chiefly from a tax of one-tenth of a mill, is spent yearly for books). Books, pamphlets, manuscripts, etc., are constantly donated to it. It is open every day, from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. The library is one of the best-arranged and most flourishing, and the reading- room one of the most complete and com- fortable, in this country. The building is fire-proof, and is one of the largest and finest in this city. It has cost, with the ground, $400,000. One branch of the library has been opened at Cumminsville, and another will probably be opened within a year at Columbia. To the libra- rian, Thomas Vickers, is due much of the success of the library, as well as many of the improvements. Publishers. — There are four large publishing-houses in this city, besides several firms publishing subscription, books, and a number of ■•booksellers, and newspaper and printing offices publishing books and pamphlets of various kinds. The four great establishments are those of Robert Clarke & Co., Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co., Western Methodist Book Concern, and Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co. The three last named are referred to in their alphabetical places in this book. Robert Clarke & Co.'s is the leading bookselling and general book-publishing house in the South-west. Their estab- lishment occupies the large five-story stone-front building, No. 65 West Fourth Street. This firm is known throughout the United States as one of the most trustworthy and most successful houses in the book-trade. Mr. Clarke has been connected with the house since 1855, when he bought Tobias Lyon's interest in the firm of Lyon & Patterson; the style of firm changing to Patterson & Clarke. In 1857 Mr. Clarke bought Mr. Patterson's interest, and carried on the business in his own name. At that time the store was in Bacon's building, cor. of Sixth and Walnut Street, and the busi- ness was chiefly in second-hand and for- eign books; this being the first house in Cincinnati to import books direct from London and Paris. In 1858 R. D. Barney and J. W. Dale united with Mr. Clarke; and the new firm, under the style of Rob- ert Clarke & Co., bought the business of Henry W. Derby & Co., law-book pub- lishers, and dealers in the miscellaneous books published by Harper & Bros, and Derby & Jackson. They then moved into the store occupied by Derby & Co., 55 West Fourth Street, and began busi- ness as publishers of law-books, and wholesale and retail booksellers. In 1867 the business was removed to its present quarters. In 1872 Howard Barney and Alexander Hill were admitted to the partnership. This house has published over 150 volumes of law-books, one of which was the celebrated Fisher's Patent Cases, the highest-priced law-books ever published in this country, — 6 vols., at $25 a volume; and also about 100 vol- umes of miscellaneous books, including the invaluable Ohio Valley Historical Series, edited by Mr. Clarke, and issued in eight handsome volumes. Many pub- lications of this firm rank equal in style and value to any published in the United States. The third floor of the establish- ment is devoted exclusively to works known as Americana, of which a fine cat- alogue has been issued. Besides their KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 69 publishing and bookselling departments, Messrs. Clarke & Co. have an extensive book-bindery, book and job printing- office, and stationery department. Pulte Medical College, cor. Seventh and Mound. Organized in 1872. Ho- moeopathic instruction in all branches of medical science. The building is said to be one of the largest and best-appointed for its purposes in this country. There are 25 rooms for college purposes, includ- ing halls, lecture-rooms, museum, etc. Main amphitheatre seats 200. The Ho- mceopathic Free Dispensary and Cincin- nati Hospital are at the service of students. Sessions from October to March. Fees vary. Queen City is known, the world over, as one of the accepted and appro- priate names of Cincinnati. This name was given in recognition of the fine situa- tion, the lovely surroundings, the excel- lent climate, the fertile soil of the neigh- borhood, and the bright prospects for the future greatness of the city, and also in appreciation of the early development of enterprise, culture, refinement, and pros- perity among the citizens. The name has been generally used with reference to this city for fully 50 years; but just when and by whom it was originated, the publisher was unable to learn. In 1838 a book en- titled " Tales from the Queen City " was published in Cincinnati. Longfellow para- phrases the words in his poem on " Ca- tawba Wine," in the verse reading as follows: — " And this Song of the Vine, This greeting of mine, The winds and the birds shall deliver To the Queen of the West, In her garlands dressed, On the banks of the Beautiful River." Queen City Club is composed of about 300 leading professional and busi- ness men. Its club-house, cot1. Seventh and Elm, is one of the most elegant and commodious in the country. It cost, with real estate and furnishing, about $170,000. It contains rooms for conver- sation, billiards, cards, chess, and other games, besides reading and dining rooms. Its restaurant is conducted a la carte. A reception and dining room is reserved for the wives and families of the members. Each member holds at least one share of stock of the value of $250, and pays annual dues of $75, with a credit of $15 as interest on his stock. Five members are elected yearly 10 serve for three years as a board of management, and this board alone has the right of accepting or rejecting applications for membership. Visitors must be introduced by members. Reading-rooms. — The largest and most comfortable public reading-rooms are those of the Public Library and of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Asso- ciation. There are also good reading- rooms at the Cincinnati Gymnasium, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Young Men's Christian Association. Red Men, the United and Im- proved Orders of, is a benevolent or- ganization, dispensing its benefits after the manner of the Odd Fellows and other similar bodies. What it has to do with the aborigines, is known only to the mem- bers. There are eight tribes and one en- campment of the United order, and four tribes of the Improved order, in Cincin- nati. Nearly all the tribes have a separ- ate place of meeting. Reformed Presbyterians. — Al- though there are two churches styled as above, and both designating themselves the First Church, they differ somewhat from each other. Both of them 50 years ago formed one church, but in 1833 a division took place, and since that lime there have been two distinct churches. Much of that time the " Plum-street con- gregation " has been without ministers, and consequently the growth has been small. In 1854 Robert Patterson was in- stalled pastor, and after he served two years a vacancy of 12 years followed. In 1868 James Y. Boice was installed pastor. Up to this time the church-building was on George Street; but Mr. Boice began in the basement of a new building, a beautiful little stone church, situated on Plum Street, bet. Eighth and Ninth Streets, and now occupied bv the con- gregation over which J. C. Chapman is pastor. The " John-street congregation " comprises a small society worshipping on Clinton, east of John Street. Their doctrine is that the United States is not a Christian government, and therefore they cannot consistently vote at any election. They hope to have the Lord Jesus Christ recognized in the Constitu- tion. J. M. Foster is pastor. Relief Union, the Cincinnati.— This great charily was founded in 1850, and has been in continual and successful operation ever since. It is supported by voluntary contributions, the greater por- 70 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. '•on coming from life-members, a number A whom pay amounts ranging from $100 to $1,000 annually. As much as $40,000 has been collected and disbursed in a single year. Since 1873, however, the receipts have not been so large by reason of the panic in that year, and the death of several of the former large contrib- uting members. The society operates through a local visiting committee of two in each ward, who visit each appli- cant, and satisfy themselves as to their needs. The necessaries of life are sup- plied to the extent the fund will allow, without regard to color, sex, nativity, or religion. The Union has an office in the City Buildings, whence supplies are is- sued. Reservoirs. — There are five reser- voirs connected with the wat;r-works system. The two largest of these are in Eden Park, both capable of holding 100,000,000 gallons of water. They are constructed in one of the natural ravines, across the mouth of which an immense wall of solid masonry has been thrown. Their construction cost the city nearly $4,500,000. They supply that portion of the city north of Third Street to the hills. The old reservoir, on Third Street at the foot of Mt. Adams, is a superstructure of solid limestone masonry. It is located in Water-works Park. Its capacity is but a tithe of that of the great reservoirs, and is kept full by constant pumping. It supplies the district south of Third Street, and a portion of the West End. The other two reservoirs are immense boiler-iron tanks, located in the angle formed by the junction of Vine Street and Auburn Avenue, Mt. Auburn, that being the highest point of ground in the vicinity, and about 467 feet above low- water mark. Water is lifted to these reservoirs by a pumping-engine located at the junction of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Streets, which draws its supply from the great reservoirs in Eden Park. These reservoirs supply the districts of Mt. Au- burn, Corryvillc, and Walnut Hills. A line of ten-inch pipe is also laid from these reservoirs down Vine Street to Fourth, at which point the pressure is 200 pounds to the square inch. The fire- plugs along this line are connected with it, and can throw water farther than a steam-engine can. The Tyler-Davidson Fountain is supplied from this source. A sixth reservoir, on Price's Hill, in the western part of the city, wiil soon be com- pleted. Revision, the Board of, meets the first Monday of each month. Its prov- ince is to take under consideration any vital interest of the city, scrutinize the official conduct of city officers, and re- port its action to council. It is composed of four members: viz., Charles Jacob, jun., mayor and ex-officio president; Julius Reis, president board of aldermen; Benjamin Eggleston, president board of councilmen; Philip H. Kumler, city solicitor. Riverside, a suburb adjoining the western corporation line, fronting on the Ohio River, six miles from Fountain Square. It contains many elegant coun- try residences. It forms a separate elec- tion precinct in the county. Riverside can be reached by the Ohio and Mississip- pi, the I. C. & L. R.R.'s, the Storrs and Sedamsville horse-cars, and the Lower River-Road, an excellent macadamized turnpike. The drive is a beautiful one, giving a charming landscape of river, and hillsides dotted with lovely suburban houses, vineyards, and private parks. Robinson's Opera-House, on the north-east cor. of Ninth and Plum Streets, is a very handsome building devoted to music and the drama in the city. Its seating capacity is 2,300. The audito- rium contains a parquette, parquette- circle, balcony, and gallery, besides four large. The theatre was built in 1872 by John Robinson, circus-manager. The cellar was built expressly to provide win- ter quarters for animals used in the cir- cus. The main entrances are on Ninth Street. The Seventh-street or blue line of horse-cars pass the building going east; the Elm-street and the Eighth-street lines pass within one square. The Opera- House overlooks the City Park, and is in the midst of what is known as the " church region." Royal Insurance Co. of Liverpool, Eng., although a foreign company, has not only a national reputation, but also a local history. In 1852 an agency of the company was given to the late Dr. John S. Law, who continued the business in his own name until 1871, when, upon the formation of a partnership with his son, John II. Law, who had been at work in the office since the agency was estab- lished, the style of the firm was changed to John S. Law & Son. In 1877, at the death of the senior member, the business passed into the hands of John H. Law. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 7* For the entire period of 27 years, the Royal lias had a most enviable record in this city; and its standing to-day is equal to that of any insurance company in the world. All losses in this neighborhood are paid without reference to the home office; and the best indemnity possible is offered by this company, with assets amounting to almost $30,000,000, — of which nearly $3,000,000 are kept in the United States. Moreover, the stock- holders are individually liable to the full extent of their private fortunes. The losses paid by the Royal already reach the enormous sum of $35,000,000. Safe-Deposit Company of Cincin- nati occupies one-half of the National Lafayette and Bank of Commerce build- ing at 20 West Third Street. The safes arc thoroughly fire and burglar proof. They are 35 feet long, 12.^ feet wide, and 7 feet high, and are composed of five alternate layers of steel and iron, and so put together that no screw or nut pene- trates more than three layers. Constant work for eighteen months was required to construct these immense safes. They have four combination-locks of different makes. Every safeguard is adopted ; and the place is watched day and night on both the inside and outside. The renters of boxes and depositors of securities have every convenience for handling their property quietly and unobserved. The Safe-Deposit Company was organized in 1866, and was one cf the first corpora- tions in the United States to provide for rich and poor people the means of absolute security against fire and burglary at a moderate cost. Its capital stock is $100,- 000. The president is Henry Peachey, and secretary Samuel P. Bishop. Sanitarium, the Cincinnati, a pri- vate hospital for the treatment of mental and nervous diseases, at College Hill, O. It was opened in 1873, and since that lime has established its character as a permanent institution, having appoint- ments unsurpassed by those of any simi- lar institution in the country. 400 per- sons have already been patients at the sanitarium. The building, erected origi- nally for the Ohio Female College, is an elegant and attractive structure of brick with stone facings, three stories in height above the basement. Close by the main building are five two-story cottages. All the apartments in the main building and in the cottages arc well furnished and comfortable. It is the only strictly private insane asylum in the West, and is in charge of Dr. YV. S. Chipley, who has had 34 years' experience in the treatment of the insane. The charges vary with the accommodations furnished. The Sani- tarium can be reached by a drive over Spring-grove Avenue, or by the C. H. & D. R.R. and College-hill Narrow- gauge R.R. (fare 40 cents round trip). John L. Whetstone president, Val. P. Collins secretary, and John F. Elliott treasurer. School-books. — See Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co. School of Design of the University of Cincinnati was founded by Charles McMicken. In 1853 an ' association known as the Ladies' Academy of Fine Arts received from Mr. McMicken $r,ooo to be spent for casts, which were to be given to a school of design whenever one should be founded in this city. Some years later the casts, as well as pictures owned by the academy, were handed over to the School of Design which had just been founded. The school prospered as much as its limited means allowed. Later, Joseph Longworth endowed the school with $100,000; i.e., the old Ob- servatory property perpetually leased to the Passionlst Fathers, and yielding seven per cent on $50,000, and the other $50,000 being given in United-States bonds. Then the facilities and number of teachers were increased. In 1871 the school was placed under control of the University of Cincinnati, and since that time it has been remarkably successful. In 1878 there were seven instructors and nearly 400 pupils. To this school is due much of the credit for the elaborate de- signs and carving on the organ in Music Hall. Instruction is free to residents. Non-residents are charged $30 a year for attendance on the day-classes, and $15 for attendance on the night-classes. The hours are every week-day, from 9 A.M. to 1 p.m., and from 7 to 9 P.M.; and the sessions arc the same as those of the University of Cincinnati. The rooms are in College Building, and can be visited by permission of the principal, Thomas S. Noble. Schools, Public. — The total number of children enrolled for attendance at the public schools in 187S was 36,981. The average daily attendance of the number enrolled was 78 per cent. To accommo- date this vast number of pupils, the city provides 37 district or primary, 4 inter- 72 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. mediate, and 2 high-school buildings, besides 5 buildings for colored schools, and the University of Cincinnati. The city is divided into 27 districts for white, and 5 districts for colored pupils; the 7th, 8th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 24th, 25th, and 26th districts having two buildings each, the 21st district four, and the remaining districts one each. The buildings are nearly all elegant, new, and commodious, one of them alone costing $85,000. The average cost of each of the buildings may be placed at $40,000. To impart instruction to the youth of the city, 633 teachers are required, whose salaries range from $400 to $2,600 per annum. Pupils passing through the public schools must attend six years in the district, three in the intermediate, and four in the high schools, when, on graduating from the high school, they can enter the university. Examinations are required in passing from one year's grade to another, from the district to the interme- diate, and from the latter to the high schools. In addition to the ordinary English branches, German, music, and drawing are taught in the district and intermediate, and French, Latin, and Greek in the high schools. The schools are governed by the Board of Education. This board also controls the public library, . the normal school, and the school for deaf- mutes; the latter being one of the only two schools of the kind in the country supported chiefly by a municipal corpo- ration as part of its school-system. Night- schools are held in 15 of the districts, three being for colored pupils. The total expense of the schools for the year 1878 was $699,587.76. The superintendent is John B. Peaslee. See University of Cincinnati, Hughes High School, and Woodward High School. Schools, other than Public — There are within the city limits four business colleges, one dental college, one law-school, seven medical and surgical colleges, one college of pharmacy, one college and four conservatories of music. There is also the St. Joseph College, St. Xavier College, Mt. St. Mary's Seminary, Young Ladies' Academy of St. Vincent de Paul, — all Roman-Catholic institutions; Lane Theological Seminary, of the Pres- byterian denomination; Cincinnati Wes- leyan College, — a Methodist- Episcopal young ladies' institute; and Hebrew Union College. Besides the above there are numerous private schools in and around the city, and several colleges and seminaries distant only a few miles from the city. Among the most prominent private schools in the city are the Chickering In- stitute for boys; the Collegiate School for boys, under direction of Babin & Rix; Miss C. E. Nourse's family and day school for girls; Bartholomew English and Classical School for girls; Miss S. J. Armstrong's Mt. Auburn School for girls; and Mt. Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, under direction of H. Thrane Miller. Sculptors.— The earliest in this city was Frederick Eckstein, a Prussian by birth, and a resident in this city 50 years ago. He was a man of great eccentrici- ties, among which was one of valuing his works at a precise sum of odd dollars and cents, with amusing exactness. From him Hiram Powers acquired the first rudiments of the art. Powers be- gan between 1830 and 1840 the work which afterwards gave him such world- wide fame; and to Nicholas Longworth he was indebted, not only for patronage, but also for aid to go to Italy to pursue his profession. S. Clevenger, about 1840, made many excellent portrait-busts, nota- bly that of President Harrison, now in the Young Men's Mercantile Library Rooms. Thomas D. Jones resided here for many years; and his busts of Thomas Ewing, Judge McLean, Thomas Corwin, and many others, attest his skill. Ed. Brackett was well known as a sculptor in Cincinnati in the early part of the decade 1840-50. N. F. Baker, a Cincin- natian by birth, studied in Italy; and his statue of" Cincinnalus," on the front of the building occupied by Chatfield & Woods, on Fourth Street, and that of "Egeria" in the lake at Spring-grove Cemetery, are carefully executed works of art. Louis T. Rebisso, of the School ot Design, is a sculptor of considerable abil- ity. His most celebrated work is the co- lossal equestrian bronze statue of Gen. McPherson, lately erected in Washing- ton, D.C. Moses J. Ezekiel is the well- known sculptor of the colossal marble statue of " Religious Liberty," tempora- rily placed in Fairmount Park. L. rett- weis is a resident sculptor, born in Cin- cinnati, and trained in the German art- schools. Frank Dengler, one of the greatest of young American sculptors, recently died after a short career, during which his great talents were appreciated even in art-loving Boston. August Mund- henk, recently returned from Europe, is 0 sculptor, who has established a, foundery for casting bronze-work. H. K. Brown A'lNG'S POCKET-BOOK' OF CINCINNATI. 73 was for a short period a resident here; and Preston Powers now has a temporary studio in this city. Second Presbyterian Church, on the south-west cor. of Eighth and Plum Streets, is one of the finest of the church edifices of Cincinnati. The corner-stone was laid in 1873; and the church was first occupied Jan. 3, 1875, and dedicated April 11, 1875. The building is of Blue- hill limestone, in the Gothic style of architecture; its spire is 205 feet high; and its seats are arranged in amphithe- atre form, for the accommodation of 1,100. The organ is a very fine instrument, and cost, without the case, $io,coo. The total cost of the church and its furniture was about $275,000, and the society is wholly out of debt. The society was organized in 18 16, and its preliminary meetings were held at the residence of Judge Jacob Burnet, on the site of the present Burnet House; and for the first two years its services were held anywhere that accom- modations could be found. In 1818 a little frame building was erected on Walnut Street, above Fifth Street, where services were held until 1830, when a second build- ing, a neat brick edifice, having a steeple with a clock paid for by the city council, was erected on Fourth Street, bet. Vine and Race Streets. The building cost $28,000, and the land $5,000; but the land was sold in 1871 for $160,000, and the society built the beautiful edifice already described. The following is a list of the regular pastors: David Root, 1820-32; Lyman Beecher, 1832-43; John P. Cleve- land, 1843-45; Samuel W. Fisher, 1846- 58; M. L. P. Thompson, 1859-65; James L. Robertson, 1867-70; Thomas H. Skin- ner, 1871, who still continues as pastor. Sedamsville, a portion of the 21st ward, west of Mill Creek, fronting on the Ohio River, and south of the western range of hills, 35 miles distant from Fountain Square. It is a manufactur- ing district, containing several large dis- tilleries and saw-mills. It was formerly a part of Storrs Township. The Third- street line of horse-cars and the Eighth- street line make connection with the Storrs and Sedamsville line, the former at the bridge over Mill Creek, on Sixth Street, and the latter at the junction of Eighth Street and Walker-mill Road. Sewerage. — The natural advantages of Cincinnati for surface drainage are admirable, the rolling character of the site favoring it. But sewers were found necessary on the slopes from the central plateau, and all the principal streets run- ning down to the Ohio have sewers from Seventh Street to the river. Part of the district north of Seventh and east of Plum, has surface drainage into the Miami Canal, which empties into Eggles- ton-avenue Sewer ; and part is drained by the Sycamore-street Sewer and its branches. North of Liberty Street the drainage is into the mammoth Liberty- street Sewer, which empties into the McLean-avenue Sewer. West of Central Avenue, north of Seventh, and south of Liberty, lateral sewers are laid, which lead to the immense McLean-avenue Sewer, now being constructed to the river. The sewerage system is almost perfect. Sewers range in size from 1 foot to 12 by 14 feet. The total number of lineal feet of sewer laid under the present system by the city, excluding that laid by pri- vate citizens, of which there is a large amount, is 204,161, — nearly 39 miles. Shakspeare Club, organized in 1851, is the oldest organization in the city for the purpose of giving weekly readings from Shakspeare and other dramatic poets, and is also a leading amateur theatrical club; its entertainments always having been noted for care taken in their preparation, and skill in their presenta- tion. It will probably hereafter use the hall of the Allemania Club; for the sea- son of 1878-79 the Melodeon Hall having been used. There are about 20 active members, who take part in the enter- tainments, and bear the deficit for the expenses proportionally. Associate mem- bers pay $10 a year for the privileges of the club. George W. Pohlman is secretary. Strangers can be invited by members. Shelter House. —See Casino. Shillito's Mammoth Dry-goods House is one of the interesting sights in Cincinnati. There are only a few busi- ness buildings in the United States as magnificent as this structure, which was opened in September, 1878. It fronts 270 feet on George Street, and 176 feet on Race Street, and has a floor surface of seven acres. It is six stories above ground, and two stories below. In the centre is a grand dome, 60 feet in diame- ter and 120 feet high. There are five elevators, and all the conveniences usual to modern structures. Over 1,000 per- sons are employed in the building, which is chiefly a great retail and wholesale 74 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. dry-goods and carpet establishment, hold- ing the same position in the West that Stewart does in the East. A curiosity is to be seen on the first floor under the dome. It is one of a pair of vases ex- hibited by the Japanese government at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and is one of the largest pieces of lacquered porcelain ever made in Japan. Sinking-Fund Trustees, the Board of, comprises five of the most trust- worthy citizens, appointed, regardless of political views, by the judges of the su- perior court. They give bonds of $100,- 000 each, and serve five years, with- out any compensation. They are to pro- vide for the whole bonded indebtedness of the city; and for this purpose they certify to the city council the sums neces- sary both for a sinking-fund to provide for the payment of all the city's bonds, and for the payment of the interest on all the bonded indebtedness. Then the city council is required by* law to place in the tax ordinance the several sums so certified in preference to any other items. They are to receive the net earnings of the Southern Railroad, and also to take charge of rents due the city. In two years the sum of $1,600,000 was accumulated, be- sides paying $200,000 of the maturing bonds. The commissioners at present are Joseph Longworth, president, Aaron F. Perry, W. F. Thome, James H. Laws, and Julius Dexter. Southern Railroad, the Cincin- nati, now open from Cincinnati to Som- erset, Ky., a distance of 158 miles, will in December, 1879, be opened to Chat- tanooga, Tenn., a distance of 336 miles, a great part of the way being through a very fertile and most picturesque country. The road is one of the best-constructed of all the American railroads, and in some particulars shows a remarkable piece of engineering. It crosses the Ohio River over the Southern Railroad Bridge; and between the terminal points it crosses 47 wrought-iron bridges and viaducts, 13 wooden bridges, and passes through 27 tunnels, one of which is 4,700 feet long, and through deep cuts in rock, and over ground filled up in many places. It is thought to be one of the best pieces of railroad engineering and construction in this country. The principal contractors were R. G. Huston & Co. The Southern Railroad makes connections with all roads centring at Cincinnati and at or near Chattanooga, as well as several important connections between those cities. Tht uniform charge for local passenger travel is four cents a mile; but when the road is completed the through fare probably will be less than that rate. This whole rail- road passing through three States, and built at a cash cost of $18,000,000, is owned in fee simple by Cincinnati, — the only city in the world that has built a railroad of this magnitude. It is managed for the city by a board of five trustees, con- sisting of Miles Greenwood, president, R. M. Bishop, E. A. Ferguson, Henry Mack, and A. H. Bugher. The trustees are appointed by the superior court of this State. They give bonds of $100,- 000 each, and the whole pay for the board amounts to $5,000 a year. The business of the road is done by a common- carrier company, organized under the laws of Ohio, and known as the Cincin- nati Railroad Company; the officers being, W. H. Clement president and gen- eral manager, and H. H. Tatem secretary and treasurer. The offices are in the new building, No. 130 Vine Street. The depot is situated at the cor. of McLean Avenue and Gest Street, and is reached by Eighth-street line of horse-cars. Spencer Township is situated east and north-east of Columbia, and east of Cincinnati Township, and is bounded on the south by the Ohio River, and on the east by the Little Miami. In this town- ship are Pendleton, Columbia, East Lin- wood, Russells, and Red Bank. Sportsman's Hall. — See East-End Garden. Spring-grove Cemetery, situated near Cumminsville, was consecrated in 1845. Its area was 166 acres of undulat- ing surface and sandy soil, and cost $16,- 000; but it has since been increased to 600 acres, and is now the largest cemetery in the United States, and has over 33,000 interments. It is probably the most pic- turesque large cemetery in the world. The numerous springs and groves sug- gested the name " Spring Grove." A handsome entrance-gate leads from the broad Spring-grove Avenue into the grounds. The " park plan " suggested by A. Strauch, the present superintendent, was a plan to relieve the ground of the heavy encumbered air of a churchyard, and to present the appearance of a natural park. The plan was successful; and Spring Grove is now beautifully laid out, with far-stretching lawns, trees, miniature lakes, and shrubbery, and ornamented KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 75 with stately monuments, chapels, vaults, and statues. The Dexter Mausoleum is an elaborate Gothic chapel of gray sand- stone. From a balustrade surrounding the chapel, a charming view is obtained of the ornamental waters and surrounding landscapes. The Soldiers' Monument, erected in 1864, is a bronze statue on a granite pedestal, and represents a soldier standing on guard. A beautiful mortuary chapel in cruciform shape, 108 feet long and transepts 66 feet long, with walls of blue limestone and trimmings of sand- stone, was contracted for in July, 1879, at a cost of $40,000. The graves are generally arranged in circles, and are numbered and recorded. There are about 7,000 lot-holders. The office for permits to visit the cemetery, and to buy lots, is No. 2 Pike's Opera-House. Horse- cars to cemetery, Baymiller-street, John- street, and Freeman-street lines; fare, 15 cents. Steam-railroads, Cincinnati, Ham- ilton, & Dayton, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads; fare, 20 cents. The president of the association is Henry Probasco, the treasurer John Shillito, and the secretary S. B. Spear. Springer Music Hall. — See Music- hall and Exposition Building. Spring Lake, a suburban resort on the Avenue, bet. Spring-grove Cemetery and Chester Driving-park, adjoining both. The grounds are large and ele- gant, divided into lawns, groves, and flower-gardens. The lake is supplied from natural springs, and furnishes the water-supply for the beautiful lakes in Spring-grove Cemetery. Spring Lake was formerly the residence of the late Piatt Evans. It can be reached by the Spring-grove Avenue horse-cars. Ac- commodation-trains on the C. H. & D., Dayton Short line, and M. & C. R.R.'s, stop near at the main gate. St. Aloysius' Orphan Asylum (German, Roman Catholic), situated on the Reading Road in Avondale, about a,\ miles from Fountain Square. It is a large three-story brick building, with ac- commodations for 300 orphans. Inside the building is a chapel, where the chil- dren attend daily services. Father Hy- ronimus, assisted by the Sisters of Notre Dame, conduct the asylum ; but the finances are managed by a board of trus- tees, of which Clemens Hellebush is presi- dent, John H. Lohr treasurer, and H. T. Evers secretary. Any member's child when an orphan is taken care of until of age; i.e., a boy until 21 years, and a girl until 18 years of age. At a proper time employment is found for the orphans, and they are watched over by committees ap- pointed for that purpose. There are now 260 boys and girls at the asylum. The support of the institution comes from 2,200 active members, paying $3.25 a year; "a Washington birthday celebra- tion," a " Fourth of July picnic," and an " anniversary." At the three entertain- ments, about $7,000 are raised. The asylum is about two squares from the depot of the M. & C. R.R. (fare, 15 cents). St. Francis de Sales Church and School, cor. of Woodburn Avenue and Madisonville Pike. The corner-stone was laid June 30, 1878, by Archbishop Purcell, in the presence of nearly 10,000 persons. The exterior of the church is now finished, with the exception of the spires. The structure is of cut limestone, is 184 feet by 169 feet, and will have a seating capacity of 1,000. The cost, in- cluding grounds and schoolhouse, will be $118,000; and it is claimed that it will be the handsomest church-edifice in Hamil- ton County. The parochial school ad- joining has been occupied since Jan. 1, 1878, and is under the charge of the Sis- ters of Charity. St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church was founded in 1848. During four years, services were held in Melodeon Hall. In 1852 its own building was al- most completed, and services were held there. In the following year the building was consecrated, and it has been occupied by the congregation ever since. The building, situated on the south-east cor. of Seventh and Plum Streets, is of stone and brick in the Romanesque style, and has two unfinished towers or spires, giv- ing it an odd appearance, at the same time an agreeable one. The cost of the building was $100,000. It is oftentimes called " The Bishop's Church," because the bishop frequently officiated here for a few years, and because the episcopal rooms are now in the basement of the church. W. R. Nicholson, bishop of the Reformed Episcopal Church in Phila- delphia, was rector of St. John's for 10 yeirs. The present pastor is George H. Kinsolving. The Episcopal Ladies' Flower Mission, for distributing fruit and flowers to the sick in the hospital, meets every Saturday morning during the summer at this church. The presi* 76 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. dent of the mission is Mrs. S. N. Max- well. The Seventh-street cars pass by the building. St. Mary's Hospital is under control of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. It is situated on the north-west cor. of Baymiller and Betts Streets. It was established in 1869, though not com- pleted until 1873. There is room for 500 beds, besides a number of rooms for pri- vate pay-patients. The medical staff consists of five physicians and surgeons. The attendance is furnished by the Sis- ters. St. Nicholas, the, of which E. N. Roth is proprietor, is the bon-toti restau- rant and cafe, and one of the most com- fortable hotels in the city. The restau- rant, although not as grand as the Cafe Anglais in Paris, the Cafe Royal in London, or Delmonico's in New York, holds the same position in Cincinnati that the restaurants named hold in their respective cities. The cafe on the lower floor, with entrance on Race Street, is a popular resort for gentlemen desiring a first-class meal in little time and at prices somewhat lower than those charged in the restaurant. The hotel is conducted on the European plan; the charges for rooms ranging from $1 to $2.50 per day. The building was in former times two old-fashioned residences built with full thought about comfort, and the rooms and halls, besides being elegantly fur- nished, are spacious, airy, and luxurious. The location, on the south-east cor. of Fourth and Race Streets, is very conven- ient. In the gentlemen's sitting-room is an elaborate painting, 7 by 12 feet. Be- sides being a specimen of fine art, it is a queer subject, and is said to have an in- teresting history. The inscription reads, " Pauline Bonaparte, by Devouge. 181 1." It represents Madame Bonaparte, life- size, almost nude, and seated upon a sofa. The painting is said to have be- longed to Joseph Bonaparte, and sold, upon his return to France, to Nicholas Longworth, by whom it was sold at auc- tion, and finally bought by Mr. Roth of the St. Nicholas. St. Paul's Church (Methodist Epis- copal) is part of the old Western charge, established in 1835. The congregation at that time met in a brick chapel on the north-west corner of Fourth and Plum Streets, and enrolled about 700 members. Here so faithfully were the threatenings of the law as well as the promises of the gospel preached, that the place became known as the " Brimstone Corner." When a new church-building became necessary, ground was purchased on Cen- tral Avenue; and here, in 1844, was erected Morris Chapel. Outgrowing this, the trustees obtained a lot on the cor. of Seventh and Smith Streets, and in 1868 began the erection of St. Paul's church and parsonage. The building is of blue limestone, and is one of the handsomest in the city. The membership numbers nearly 600 persons. St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church, organized Aug. 1, 1S28, under the Rev. Samuel Johnston, the first Epis- copal minister settled in the city, and the first rector of Christ Church, which he left with a number of his parishioners to form this church. It was incorporated in 1831. The present edifice is a pretty stone structure on the south side of Fourth Street, near Walnut, and was erected in 1834. The front is in the Norman-Gothic style, and is partially covered with American ivy. There arc about 300 communicants. Salmon P. Chase was for many years secretary of the society, and teacher and superin- tendent of the Sunday school. The rector is Samuel Benedict, D.D. St. Peter's and St. Joseph's Or- phan Asylum, in the northern part of Cumminsville, about three squares from the C. H. & D. R.R. depot. The build- ing is a large four-story brick structure, surrounded by nearly 20 acres of the society's property. The average num- ber of children in the asylum is 350; and the annual expenses are between $i6,coo and $18,000. Children, one or both of whose parents are dead, are admitted, usually without charge; but when the surviving parent or friends are willing to pay, a moderate charge is made. The institution is conducted by the Sisters of Charity, and is supported by public charity. A bazaar and a picnic, held once a year, are the chief sources of in- come; but the St. Peter's, the St. Joseph's, and the St. Xavier's orphan societies, as well as many individuals, make liberal contributions yearly. The asylum is also known as the Cumminsville orphan asy- lum, or as the Catholic orphan asylum. It can be reached by the C. H. & T>. R.R. (fare 15 cents), and by the Cumminsville and Spring-grove line of horse-cars (fare 10 cents). St. Peter's Cathedral, situated on KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 77 the cor. of Plum and Eighth Streets, in point of beauty and architectural correct- ness is thought the finest church structure in the city. It is 200 feet in length by 91 in width. The roof is supported by 18 freestone pillars, 35 feet in diameter and 33 in height. The main walls are built of Dayton marble, while the basement is of blue sandstone. The steeple is 221 feet high, and in the gracefulness of its proportions is unsurpassed by any spire in this country. An altar of Carrara marble, with two angels on each side, — the work of Hiram Powers, — occupies the west end of the cathedral. Opposite is an organ having 44 stops and 2,700 pipes. Some fine paintings, interesting alike for their historic and artistic merits, may be seen in the cathedral. " St. Peter liber- ated by an angel," by Murillo, was taken during the Peninsular War from the Span- iards, and presented by Cardinal Fesch, uncle of Napoleon I., to Bishop Fenwick. The cathedral was begun in 1839, con- secrated in 1844. It has a seating capa- city of 1,600, and, including the grounds, cost $244,000. See Chimes. St. Xavier College was established in 1831, under the name of the Athenaeum, by the Rt. Rev. E. D. Fenwick, D.D., the first bishop of Cincinnati. In 1840 Archbishop Purcell placed it in charge of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, who have managed it ever since. There are two distinct courses of instruction, — the classical and the commercial. The for- mer is designed especially to qualify young men for professions, and aims at imparting a thorough knowledge of the classics; and the latter is designed to qualify young men for a business career. In all departments for the year 1878-9 there were 240 students, all of whom were day-scholars. Although under Roman Catholic management, the college is open to young men of all denominations, and only the Catholic students are required to attend mass. The building, owned and occupied by the college, is a large brick structure on Sycamore Street, at the corner of Seventh. In it is a fine library of more than 14,000 valuable vol- umes. Stadt Theatre. — See Turner Hall. State Banks. — See Banks. Steam Dummy Railroads. — The Columbia and Mt. Lookout steam dummy railways start from the East-end Garden, in Pendleton, at the end of the Elm-street line of horse-cars. The Columbia line pursues its course east to Columbia. The Mt. Lookout line branches off at Delta Station, one mile from Pendleton, and runs north to Mt. Lookout and East Wal- nut Hills. The Bellevue and Dayton, Ky., dummy connects with the New- port horse-cars at the eastern limit of Newport, and extends east through Bellevue to Dayton. Storrs Township, so called, but now a portion of the city, the 21st ward, ex- tends from the west bank of Mill Creek along the river from west to Riverside. Its western border-line is also the corpo- ration-line of Cincinnati. Sedamsville, Fairmount, Lick Run, and Warsaw were in this township. Street-Railroads. — See Horse-Cars, Inclined Planes, Narrow-gauge Rail- roads, Steam Dummy Railroads. Streets, Avenues, and Alleys.— The length of the streets, avenues, and alleys of the city, improved and unim- proved, will be a matter of surprise even to most of the inhabitants. By an im- proved street is meant one paved with bowlders, limestone blocks, wooden blocks, macadamized, or gravelled. By unimproved is meant that the street is graded, but not yet finished with a hard surface. Jan. 1, 1879, the city civil en- gineer reports that there were within a small fraction of 99 miles of streets and alleys paved with bowlder stone, 77 1-5 miles of macadamized (broken lime- stone) avenues, streets, and alleys; 64 miles of limestone-block-paved avenues, streets, and alleys; 7 miles of wooden- block streets; 12 miles of macadamized turnpikes: total miles improved avenues, streets, and alleys, 2C2J; miles of unim- proved avenues, streets, and alleys, 196; total miles improved and unimproved streets, avenues, and alleys, 348. See Old Streets, etc., and set Landmarks, etc. Sunday is a characteristic day in Cin- cinnati. No city in this country is more alive on Sunday than is Cincinnati. From this fact the name" Paris of America" has been firmly attached to it. It is true that the wholesale and the better class of retail business-men shut their business-places; but in many parts of the city there are. retail-shops open during a part or the whole of Sunday ; while "Over-the- Rhine" there is no cessation from business on any day of the week. Throughout the city, the hotels, eating-places, barber- 78 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. shops, cigar-shops, fruit-stands, and bar- rooms are open the forenoon or all of the day. Amusements at any time of the year are never wanting. In summer, crowds go to the hilltop resorts, to the Zoological Gar- dens, to the concert and beer gardens, to base-ball games and other athletic sports, and on railroad and steamboat excur- sions. In the winter, crowds go to the hill-top resorts, which then provide shelter, warmth, and music ; to beer- saloons, where some sort of music is generally furnished; to club and private parties; and they also go skating, sleigh- riding, etc. During the greater part of the year, the cheap places of amuse- ments, styled by themselves " opera- houses " and " theatres," are open Sun- day afternoons and evenings; and dur- ing the winter, occasional attractions are offered at the better class of theatres by way of concerts, lectures, and theatrical performances. The demoralizing " free shows," consisting of a low variety en- tertainment, the expenses of which are paid out of the profits on sales of liquor and tobacco, are open the year round. The public libraries and reading-rooms do good work by attracting many per- sons to read books and papers. The Young Men's Christian Association, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Young Men's Hebrew Associa- tion, keep open their places ; and the two first named hold services at various hours. The social club-houses are open on Sunday; and members, with friends from outside the city, resort to them. While knowing that there are such va- ried and so many amusements, it must not be forgotten that a large part of the community are constant and devout church-going people. There are over 150 congregations holding regular ser- vice, one, two, or three times a day, — except during the hot season. Then there are many Sunday schools, and some Jewish people known as Reformed Israelites, holding their services on Sun- day. In the afternoon and evening a large part of the people, even the better class, will drive out on the road, or visit the public parks ; and the railroad and steamboat lines make Sunday their spe- cial day on which to bring in excursions from neighboring places. And so it is that the Sunday life in this city very clearly shows the metropolitan character ^)f Cincinnati. Surgeons. — See Physicians. Suspension Bridge. — See Bridges. Sycamore Hill, that part of the city lying on Sycamore Street in its ascent to Mt. Auburn. The ascent begins near Liberty Street, and the summit is reached at Saunders Street, half a mile distant. Sycamore Hill is very steep in some places. In early days it was the entrance to the city by way of the Lebanon Pike. Taxes. — For the year 1878, the real and personal property on the grand duplicate for taxation in Cincinnati amounted to $172,874,068; in Hamilton County, outside the city, it amounted to $38,700,863; total, $211,574,931. The total levy by the city, for all purposes, on the property within its limits, is 23.41 mills on the dollar. To this must be added the state levy, 2.90 mills, and the county levy, 2.23 mills; making a total of 28.54 mills, or $2.85.4 on each hundred dollars. The rates of taxation in the townships outside the city vary from 75 to 20 mills, or from 75 cents to $2 on each hundred. The city-tax levy for 1878 was divided as follows: — MILLS. General fund 1.33 Police 1.35 Superior court 10 Fire-department 1.10 Light 1. 00 Workhouse 25 Sanitary purposes 10 Parks 07 Sewerage 10 Street-cleaning 40 Redemption of city debt . . . . 1.00 Hospital 82 Infirmary 45 House of Refuge 15 Street-repairs 1.00 Redemption Southern R.R. bonds 1.16 Interest on city debt 9.35 School, Library, and University . 3.48 23-41 Add state levy 2.90 Add county levy 2.23 Total 28.54 Telegraph and Telephone Offices. — American District Telegraph Co., 165 Vine Street; Atlantic & Pacific Tele- graph Co., north-east cor. Fourth and Walnut Streets ; Bell Telephonic Ex- change, 43 West Fourth Street; Board of Trade Telegraph, 22 West Fourth Street; City and Suburban Telegraph Association, 43 West Fourth Street; Edison's Telephone Exchange, north- KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 79 west cor. Fourth and Vine Streets; West- ern Union Telegraph Co., north-west cor. Fourth and Vine Streets. Temperance Organizations. — There are six lodges of Good Templars, and five divisions of Sons of Temperance, in Cincinnati. They hold weekly meet- ings in their separate halls, which are scattered in every portion of the city, from Columbia to Cumminsville. The Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Cincinnati Temperance Reform Club, the Women's Temperance Union of Wal- nut Hills, and the Templars of Honor, also hold weekly meetings. The central meeting-place is the hall of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, No. 200 Vine Street. Meetings are held here every Sunday afternoon. Theological and Religious Libra- ry Association was organized in 1863. Its extensive and valuable collection of books and pamphlets is in alcoves spe- cially assigned to them in the Public Library. The president is George F. Davis, and the secretary is John D. Cald- well. Third National Bank of Cincin- nati is number 20 of the national-bank system. It began in July, 1863, with a cash capital of $300,000, which was in- creased in 1864 to $500,000. In May, 1871, it purchased the building and busi- ness of the Bank of the Ohio Valley, which was organized in 1858, immediately after the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company. In 1871 the capital was in- creased to $800,000, at which amount it stands to-day. The surplus is about $320,000, and the deposits about $3,500,- 000. The dividends have averaged 12 % a year, and the stock is very largely held by those directly connected with the management of the bank. The Third National does a legitimate banking busi- ness, and deals in foreign and domestic exchange, European letters of credit, gold and currency drafts on California, and United-States and Cincinnati bonds. It is also the United-States and City of Cin- cinnati depository. The office is 65 West Third Street ; and the directors, Oliver Perin president, George Wilshire, Henry Lewis, William Woods, Samuel Davis, jun., J. H. Rhodes, and G. P. Griffith vice-president. The cashier is Ammi Baldwin, and the assistant cashier S. W. Ramp. Thorns' Hall, a public hall on the west side of Central Avenue, bet. Fourth and Fifth Streets, in the second story. The building was once owned by Morris chapel, M. E. Church congregation; but the society, becoming too large to be ac- commodated in the hall, sold the building to J. C. Thorns, who converted it into a convenient hall for small entertainments. Trades' Assembly, a central organi- zation, composed of three delegates from each of 14 trade-unions which have asked for membership. The assembly holds semi-monthly meetings at Bricklayers' Hall, cor. of Central Avenue and Court Street. Only a small proportion of the various trade-unions of the citv belong to the assembly. It is devoted to the interests of workingmen, and takes an active part in political affairs. Trinity Church, on Ninth Street, bet. Race and Elm, was, like St. Paul's, a part of the Western Charge. A church for this portion of the work was built in 1837, on the site of the present building. The lot was purchased of Luther Rose; and up to 1841 the Western Charge re- mained undivided. After that year, sep- arate pastors were appointed for the two churches. Trinity Church, so named, was erected in 1859-60, and was the first regularly constituted Methodist congre- gation which introduced the system of family or promiscuous sittings. Up to that time the men and women were in all cases required to sit apart in public wor- ship. Trinity also introduced the first church-organ into Cincinnati Methodism. Turner Hall, owned and occupied by the Turnverein, is a large building, Nos. 513 to 519 Walnut Street. It was fin- ished in 1859, at a cost of $35,000. The hall proper, which is in the third^ story, is fitted for, and is used as, a German theatre, known as the Stadt Theatre, and is in great demand for political con- ventions, balls, etc. The building con- tains also, on the rear of the ground- floor, a gymnasium fitted with all the appliances for athletic exercises usually found in gymnasiums. In the second story rear is a large hall, in which the meetings of the Turnverein and of nu- merous~other societies, singing-clubs, and building associations, are held. There are also several large committee, cloak, and other rooms on the second floor. On the ground-floor front are a large sa- loon and reading-rooms. In the rear of the building is a large garden, with pavil- ion for music, and tables for refresh- ments, to which there is an entrance 8o KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. from Allison Street. The building is maintained by rents received for its vari- ous halls, and the proceeds of the saloon. Turnverein, the Cincinnati, a Ger- man society for the promotion of ath- letic exercises. It was organized in 1848, and now numbers about 500 mem- bers, many of whom are honorary and contributing. The active members are divided into classes; one consisting of all above the age of 18 years; another of youths between the ages of 14 and 18; and the third of children under 14 years. Each class has its time for prac- tice in the gymnasium, where competent teachers are employed every night. The association has its own band, selected from the members who are musicians, and a cadet-corps of youth between 14 and 18 years of age. These latter are drilled in the manual of arms and mili- tary movements. The uniform of the cadets is a dark-gray coat, pants, and cap; that of the adult Turners is simply an unbleached linen short sack-coat, worn with any other colored garments. The Turnverein own the Turner Hall. Tyler-Davidson Fountain, the, is one of the objects in Cincinnati in which the citizens take the utmost pride. It is the grandest fountain in the United States, and by far the noblest work of art in the city. It was unveiled in 1871, and was donated to the city by Henry Probasco, as a memorial of his brother-in-law, Tyler Davidson, who for many years had the project under consid- eration. It stands in the centre of the esplanade, on Fountain Square. The massive base and the circular basin are made of porphyry, quarried and polished in Europe. The fountain itself is cast in bronze, of condemned cannon procured from the Danish government. The cast- tings weigh 24 tons. The diameter of the basin is 43 feet, and the weight of porphyry 85 tons. The height of the fountain above the esplanade is 38 feet. The bronze pedestal on the base of porphyry is square; the four sides bear- ing representations in relief of the four principal uses of water, — water-power, navigation, the fisheries, and steam. The pedestal is surmounted by four semi- circular bronze basins, each pierced in the centre by a single jet an inch in diameter. From the centre of the four semi-circular basins rises a second bronze pedestal, surmounted by a square col- umn, on which stands the Genius of Water, a draped female figure, with out- stretched arms, from the palms and fin- gers of whose hands the water falls in spray into the four semi-circular basins. On either side of the square column is a group of figures of heroic size. The eastern group represents a mother lead- ing a nude child to the bath; the western group, a daughter giving her aged father a draught of water; the northern group, a man standing on the burning roof of his homestead, with uplifted hand, and praying for rain; the southern group, a husbandman with an idle plough, and at his side a dog panting from heat, suppli- cates Heaven for rain. There are life- size figures in niches at each corner of the bronze pedestal beneath the semi- circular basins. One represents a nude boy with a lobster, which he has just taken from a net, and is holding aloft in triumph with one hand; another, a laugh- ing girl, playing with a necklace cf pearls; the third, a semi-nude girl, listening to the sound of the waves in a sea-shell which she holds to her ear; the fourth, a boy well muffled, strapping on his skates. There are four drinking-fountains, equi- distant on the rim of the porphyry basin. Each is a bronze pedestal, surmounted by a life-size bronze figure. One rep- resents a youth astride a dolphin; the second, a youth kneeling, holding one duck under his left arm, and grasping by the neck another; the third is that of a youth, around whose right leg a snake has coiled, which the youth has grasped with his left hand, and is about to strike with a stone that he holds in his right. The fourth figure is that ot a youth kneel- ing on the back of a huge turtle, and grasping it by the neck. Water issues from the mouths of the dolphin, duck, snake, and turtle. The fountain was de- signed by August von Kreling of Nurem- berg, and cast by Ferdinand von MUller, director of the Royal Bronze Founderyof Bavaria. The cost of the fountain itself was $105,000 in gold. Together with the esplanade, the total cost was over $200,000. All horse-cars pass by or quite close to the fountain. Union Bethel, the Cincinnati, 30 to 36 Public Landing, east of Sycamore Street. The Bethel owns the Bethel Church building, which was erected in 1869, at a cost of $35,000. In front stands the main building, erected in 1872, at a cost of $45,000. The whole proper- ty cost $134,000. The Bethel is sup- ported by subscriptions and contributions. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 81 David Sinton gave it $113,000, and two fairs netted $72,000. Membership, $10 a ;rear, $50 for life. Only members vote or directors. The Bethel comprises a church, undenominational, services Sun- days, 11 a.m., 7.30 p.m., and Thursday evenings 7.30; a sabbath school, probably the largest in the world, for its average attendance is over 2,200, meets Sunday afternoons, 2.30 ; the " Young Men's Home," open every day from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m.; "Newsboys' Home;" and the Merchants' Dining-Rooms furnish meals and lodging at the lowest possible prices; and the profits, if any, go to the relief- department, which provides meals and beds to the worthy needy poor. Thomas Lee has been identified with the institu- tion for 14 years, and has been its super- intendent and pastor for the past 11 years. Union Central Life-insurance Co. of Cincinnati, the only local life-insur- ance company. It was incorporated in 1867, with a capital stock of $100,000; and Jan. 1, 1879, the gross assets were $1,504,355.47: and according to the New- York standard, its surplus was $359,786.- ii, and its amount of assets to each $100 of liabilities was $131.43. Its income for 1878 was $546,872.18. The laws of Ohio restrict its investments to mortgages upon unencumbered real estate, worth, ex- clusive of buildings, double the amount loaned thereon, Government bonds, and loans upon its own policies. Its stock- holders are liable for double the amount of their stock. Its policies, after three annual payments, are also by law made incontestable, except as to age or fraud. The superintendent of insurance is re- quired to examine the company annually. The company owns the office-building on the south-east cor. of Fourth Street and Central Avenue. The president is John Cochnower, and the secretary N. W. Harris, both of whom have held the same offices from the time the Union Central began business. Union Insurance Co. of Cincinnati was organized in 1855 in Kentucky, as the Mercantile Insurance Co. of Coving- ton; but in 1859 it re-organized in Ohio under the present name. The company's capital was $100,000, with 20% paid in. Since 1859, the remaining 80 % has been earned, and cash dividends averaging 75 % a year have been paid, besides $20,000 surplus accumulated. Nearly $1,000,000 have been its receipts for pre- miums, and nearly $600,000 its payments for losses. The first secretary of the company, A. C. Edwards, served until 1873, when he was elected vice-president. In 1875 he was elected president, which office he now holds. Mr. Edwards's suc- cessor as secretary is Joseph T. Blair, who has held the position since 1873. The company does only a fire business, having discontinued its marine business. Office, 66 West Third Street. United Brethren Churches. — First German, Clinton and Baymiller, G. Schmidt, pastor ; Second German, 729 Eastern Avenue, August Krause, pastor. United Railroads Stock-yard Co. was incorporated in 1871, with a capital of $500,000. Fifty acres of land were bought on the west side of Spring-grove Avenue in the 24th ward. About two- thirds of the property lies between the avenue and Mill Creek, and one-third on the west side of Mill Creek, the whole being connected by the company's own bridge. These yards are surpassed in size, arrangement, and management by but few stock-yards in the world. They have cost about $750,000, and have ac- commodations for 5,000 cattle, 10,000 sheep, and 25,000 hogs. The receipts each year amount to nearly 1,000,000 hogs, 300.000 sheep, 160,000 cattle, and 10,000 calves. Almost all railroads make connections with these yards. A brick building contains the stock-yards' office, the Avenue Hotel, and offices rented to live-stock dealers. The officers of the company are J. L. Keck president, and John H. Porter secretary and treasurer. The Cumminsville and Spring-grove horse-cars pass the yards. United-States Internal Revenue Collector's Office occupies Rooms 6, 7, 8, and 9, on the second floor of the Johnston Building, south-west cor. of Fifth and Walnut Streets. The first dis- trict of Ohio comprises Hamilton County ; and in this district, April 30, 1878, there were ^,248 persons who held licenses as retail liquor-dealers, and 4,214 as retail tobacco-dealers. Out of the whole num- ber, more than one-half were Germans. The following are the statistics for this district for the year ending July 1, 1879: SOURCES. REVENUE. 10 distilleries $8,724,345 437 tob'o, cigar, & snuff fact's 1 ,404,260 22 breweries 5*8, 771 Licenses i39>9l6 From liquors and tobacco . $10,787,292 From all other sources . . 45.°9° Revenue of this district . . $10,832,382 32 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. Moreover, the revenue of this county alone from liquors and tobacco is fully one-thirteenth of the entire revenue of the United States. The cost of collecting the revenue here is one and one-seventh per cent. The United-States collector is Amor Smith, jun., who has about 90 deputies and other employees under him. United-States Mail Line Co., the, established upwards of 50 years, runs a line of steamboats between Cincinnati and Louisville, and carries the mail be- tween those cities and to intermediate points on and in the vicinity of the Ohio River. It owns five boats, — three first- class side-wheel steamers, the " United States," " Gen. Lytle," and " Ben Frank- lin," and two stern-wheelers, the " Louis A. Shirley" and "Gen. Pike." Four boats are in service all the time, daily trips being made to Louisville and to Madison, Ind. One first-class boat is held in reserve. Fare to Louisville, $3.50; round trip, $6. The freight car- ried is at all-rail rates, the company car- rying the insurance. Connections are made with all railroads in both cities, and coupon-tickets sold on the steamers. During the 50 years the company has been in active business, but three acci- dents accompanied by loss of life have oc- curred on its steamers. It is the oldest navigation company on the Western waters. Wharf-boat at foot of Vine Street. Thomas Sherlock president. United-States Marine Hospital Service, established by act of Congress July 16, 1798, and re-organized by acts approved June 29, 1870, and March 3, 1875, is the medical department of the mercantile marine, and is charged, under the direction of the secretary of the treasury, with the duty of looking after the health-interests of the officers and seamen employed on all American vessels engaged in the foreign, coast-wise, and inland trade. The object of the estab- lishment of this service was to encourage fit persons to become seamen by affording care and treatment to such as may while following their vocation become sick or disabled. The pv«ent surgeon-general of the marine-hos^.. rvice is Dr. John B. Hamilton. In addition to the care of the sick and disabled of the mer- cantile marine, the medical officers of the marine-hospital service are, under the laws of the United States, further charged with the medical care of seamen of the revenue-cutter service, and with the physi- cal examination of officers of the revenue- cutters of the United States, and of the keepers and crews of life-saving stations; and finally they are required to aid in the enforcement of quarantine, under the direction of the secretary of the treasury. Original appointments into the medical corps are made to the grade of assistant surgeon only, and after thorough exami- nation into professional qualifications by an examining board of surgeons of the service ; and the medical officers are assigned to duty wherever their services may be required from time to time. The relief-stations of the service aie nearly 100, and the number of seamen cared for are from 15,000 to 18,000 each year. During the year 1878, the patients of the service numbered 18,223. Medical officer in charge of the service at the port of Cincinnati, Surgeon Walter Wyman. United-States Custom-House and Post-Office. — See Custom-House, and see Post-Office. United-States Signal Service was organized by Act of Congress approved Feb. 9, 1870, directing the secretary of war to provide for taking meteorological observations at military stations in the interior, and at other points in the States and Territories, and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by telegraph, of the approach and force of storms. Gen. Albert J. Myers, chief signal-officer of the U. S. Army, was di- rected to carry into effect the duties above mentioned that had been imposed upon the secretary of war. The Cincinnati of- fice is in Rooms N and 63 Pike's Opera- house building. University of Cincinnati, the, is organized under the act passed by the General Assembly of Ohio, April 16, 1870, " to enable cities of the first class to aid and promote education; " and which authorizes any person or body corporate, holding any estate or funds in trust for the promotion of education or any of the arts and sciences, to transfer the same to the city as a trustee for such purpose; thus affording a means of consolidating various existing funds, which separately are of little or no avail for their intended purposes. In accordance with this act, a university board was appointed January, 1871. This board immediately received an estate which had been left in trust for the city by Charles McMicken in 1858. Since then the endowment of the univer- sity has been increased by important KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 83 donations from the Cincinnati Astronomi- cal Society, Joseph Longworth, Jolm Kil- gour, and Julius Dexter, and by a bequest from the Rev. Samuel J. Browne. With these funds and others, with the assistance of the city, the university accumulated nearly $1,000,000 worth of property. It consists of three departments: the aca- demic, or department of literature and science; the school of design, or art de- partment; and the observatory, or astro- nomical department. There were in the academic department, during the year 1878-79, three post-graduate students, 34 students in undergraduate courses, and 91 students in special courses. The university is free to residents of both sexes, and a moderate charge is made to non-residents. Samuel F. Hunt is chair- man of the board of directors, and Thomas Vickers is rector of the university. See Observatory, and see School of Design. Van Antwerp, Bragg, & Co. con- duct the largest publishing-house in the world, devoted exclusively to school- books. Their establishment, fronting at 137 Walnut Street, includes four large buildings of seven floors each. In these is done every part of the work of editing, making, and publishing school-books, which have received the highest awards at the world's fairs held at Vienna, Phila- delphia, and Paris. About 4,000,000 books are made each year, and are sold in every Slate and Territory in the Union. They are more extensively used than any other school-books published. Some of the principal text-books of this house are McGuffey's and Harvey's Readers and Spellers, Ray's and White's Mathemati- cal Series, Eclectic Geographies, and Copy-books, Venable's and Thalheimer's Histories, — forming a part of the well- known Eclectic Educational Series. The new edition of McGuffey's readers, just prepared for the press at a cost of $30,- 000, is probably the best series of readers in every particular that has ever been published. The firm dates its foundation from 1830, and is now composed of Lewis Van Antwerp, C. S. Bragg, H. H. Vail, Robert F. Leaman, A. Howard Hinkle, and Harry T. Ambrose. Vine-street Hill, a name given to that portion of the city lying on Vine Street in its ascent to the summit of the northern hill. It extends from the junc- tion of Vine Street and Hamilton Road to McMillen Street, Corryville, a distance of three-quarters of a mile. Vine Street ascends the hill at a grade of 400 feet to the mile, and was cut through at r. great expense. This portion of Vine Street in early days was known as the Carthage Valenciennes Laces were first made m the 15th century. In early times a mother bequeathed them to her daughters as she would now her jewels. To secure genuine goods, selectof Jno. Shillito & Co. Washington Insurance Co. cf Cincinnati, chartered in 1836, with a capital on which only $10 a share was paid in, has prospered so much that the unpaid $90,000 of its present capital of $100,000 was earned, besides paying to stockholders nearly $400,000, making an average dividend of i2g% a year. Its assets are $118,788; the total premiums received amount to $1,377,638; and the total losses paid, to $635,128. The com- pany has had only three presidents in 43 years. The first served four years; and the next, Wm. Goodman, who had been secretary four years, was president 36 years. His successor, John P. Whiteman, has been president since 1876, and had previously been secretary 15 years and vice-president five years. Henry Emer- son, elected in 1871, is the fourth secre- tary. The business is now confined to fire-insurance. Office, 55 West Third Street. Washington Park, the square bet. Race and Elm Streets, extending from Twelfth northwardly nearly to Four- teenth Street. It is opposite the Music- hall building. The 45 acres occupied by the park, as well as that on which Music Hall stands, was formerly a ceme- tery, but its use as such was discontinued about the year 1840. For 20 years it was neglected, and overgrown with briers and weeds. In 1861 the bodies of the dead were removed, and the work of turning it into a park begun. It was graded down, sodded, and a substantial iron fence eight feet in height built around it. Later a spray fountain was built in its centre, and a drinking-fountain con- sisting of a huge bowlder perforated for water-pipes placed near by. Serpentine walks of screened gravel were made, and the park thrown open to the public. It is filled with noble elms and sycamores of a century's growth or more, being the natural forest-trees. It has orna- mental iron gates on the four sides. The- monument to Col. Robert L. McCook stands on the western edge of the lake containing the fountain. The park is 84 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. the favorite of German children, being in the midst of the German district ; and thousands daily seek its generous shade during sultry weather. It is well sup- plied with rustic benches and other seats. II o rse- c ar s, — Elm-street line. See Monuments. Water- Works. — Cincinnati has reason to be proud of her water-works. The pumping-house is located on the river-bank, on East Front Street, imme- diately east of the Little Miami Railroad Depot. It contains seven large pumping- cngines, the largest being known as the "Shields" engine, which has a cylinder eight feet in diameter and twelve feet stroke, with a pumping capacity of 20,- 000,000 gallons per day, each revolution lifting into the reservoirs 1,880 gallons. This is said to be the largest steam- engine in the world. The other six en- gines have each about half the capacity of the Shields. Water is lifted from the Front-street pumping-house into the old reservoir at the foot of Mt. Adams and the two mammoth reservoirs in Eden Park. This pumping-house is a curi- osity well worth being seen. A second pumping-house, located at the intersec- tion of Hunt and Effluent-pipe Sir^ets, receives a supply of water from the Eden-park reservoirs, and lifts it to the immense boiler-iron reservoirs on Mt. Auburn, from which the portion of the city on the northern hills is supplied (see Reservoirs). The consumption of water during the year 1878, for all pur- poses in the city, was 6,274,473,323 gal- lons. Of the vast amount, revenue was received for only about one-half. The public institutions, fountains, fire-depart- ment, and leakage consumed the other half. The water-works are owned and operated by the city, through the board of city commissioners. The length of street-mains already laid, ranging in diameter from three inches to forty inches, is 180 miles. The average price of water to consumers is 12 cents per 1,000 gallons. Water-works Park. — For many years this was the only park in the city. It lies on the southern slope of Mt. Adams, facing the Ohio River, between which and the park is the Front-street pumping-house. The old reservoir, a structure of solid masonry, occupies the most > elevated portion. The grounds contain about three acres, and are taste- fully ornamented with flowers, trees, and shrubbery. It is now but little used, g =ater attractions being found in Eden Park, close at hand. Weather House. — See Casino. Wesleyan College, the Cincin- nati, a college for young women, and con, Tolled by the M. E. Church, was founded in 1842, and until 1865 occupied the building on Vine Street, bet. Sixth and Seventh, now known as Aug's Club- House. That property is owned by " The Cincinnati Enquirer," and the former chief recitation-room of the col- lege used as " The Enquirer's" mechani- cal department. On the abandonment and subdivision of the old Catherine- street burying-ground, the college asso- ciation erected an elegant college build- ing, which was completed in 1868, on a portion of the abandoned ground, on the west side of what is now known as Wesley Avenue, in the rear of Christie Chapel M. E. Church. The building is of Gothic architecture, four stories high besides the mansard roof, 90 feet wide, and 180 feet front on Wesley Avenue. The building and site are valued at $225,000, the building alone having cost $135,000. The courses of study com- prise the primary, academic, and colle- giate, music, drawing, and painting. Boarding-pupils are accommodated in the college building. The average daily attendance during the year is about 225. Many Cincinnati ladies prominent in chant ible and educational works are alumnae of this college. Among them may be mentioned the wife of President Hayes. Wesley Chapel is the n. other-church of Methodism in Cincinnati. The first class was organized in 1804, and consisted of only eight persons: but so rapid was the growth of the church, that in less than two years the leaders of the society determined to secure a lot, and erect upon it a house of worship. They ac- cordingly purchased from James Kirby, lots 18 and 19 on the north-west cor. of Fifth Street and Broadway, at that time in the midst of open fields. Kirby 's deed was dated Sept. 25, 1805, and the grant was made by himself and wife to Wm. Lynes, Robert Richardson, Christopher Smith, James Gibson, and James Kirby, as trustees. A small stone house was put up; and, when this became too small, a brick addition was built in the rear. In process of time, even this was outgrown; and in 1829 the present building was erected. The membership of the churcl KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 85 was then 1,250. The little class of 1804 has now grown into 20 churches, with over 5,000 members. West End, the. — This term was originally applied to that portion of the city west of Central Avenue and north of Sixth Street to Court, the partially settled territory north of the latter street being known as Texas, in which stood the lhill's-Head Tavern, now at the cor. of John and Findlay Streets. The march of improvement and population drove out most of the Texas slaughter-houses, soap-factories, and tanneries ; and the entire district has been rebuilt with sub- stantial and many elegant private resi- dences, churches, and other public build- ings. The term "West End" is now applied to all that portion of the city north of Fourth Street and west of John to the Mill-creek bottoms. It contains about one-half the population of Cincin- nati. Western Insurance Co. of Cincin- nati holds a perpetual charter granted in 1836; but did not begin business until 1854, when 20% on the capital of $100,000 was paid in. In four years the com- pany's earnings made the capital full paid, and since 1858 semi-annual divi- dends have always been paid. The total dividends paid amount to $310,000, and the average is 122 % a year. 15 consecu- tive semi-annual dividends were 10 % each, and 11 consecutive Semi-annual dividends were 8 % each. The net assets of the Western are $141,488. The first president of the company was T. F. Eckert, who held the position for 24 consecutive years until his death in 1878. His successor is F. X. Reno, who previously had been the secretary. Charles F. Runck is secretary. Office, 71 West Third Street. Western Methodist Book Con- cern was established in Cincinnati in 1824, to publish and circulate religious books and periodicals, chiefly in support of the Methodist-Episcopal Church, to whom the property belongs, and by whose General Conference the agents and editors are elected. The buildings include a beautiful four-story freestone building fronting at 190 West Fourth Street, in which on the first floor is the magnificent Methodist book-store, and on the uppers are the editors' and agents' rooms ; and also a back-building, five stories high, containing one of the largest and most complete book and ..ob printing and binding establishments in the West. The agents are Hitchcock & Walden, Mr. Hitchcock having held his position for 20 years, and Mr. Walden for 12 years. Western Society for the Sup- pression of Vice has for its object the enforcement of all laws for the suppres- sion of the trade in and circulation of obscene printed matter and pictures and articles of indecent and immoral use. Western Tract Society aims " to supply an evangelical literature, and to apply it for the reformation and salvation of men." It was commenced in 1852, and publishes tracts and papers for the sabbath school and for the family. It is undenominational. The principal paper is " The Christian Press." Place of business, 176 Elm Street. Wharves. — Along the 11 miles of river-front, there are many wharves, popularly called landings. Most of these, in number and extent of lineal feet, are private property, and are used for log-rafts, coal-boats and barges, and lum- ber. The extensive coal-dealers, who have elevators, generally own their land- ings. So also with the Marine Railway and Dry-dock Company, and the large saw-mill owners of Pendleton, Fulton, Columbia, and Sedamsville. The public landing — that owned by the city — ex- tends from a point a short distance east of the water-works, west to Mill Creek. The greater portion of this is leased to private parties, ferries, steamboat lines, and others. The Public Landing proper extends from Broadway to Race Street, and within this limit all general steam- boat-traffic is confined. The city main- tains a wharf-master and wharf-register to collect wharfage-fees and to look after its wharf-interests in general. Widows' and Old Men's Home, now being built on Walnut Hills, will be one of the largest and finest structures of its kind in this country. There are two wings, one of which will be occupied by the Widows' Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women, and the other by the Old Men's Home; those two institu- tions having created a common fund for the purpose of erecting one large build- ing to supply the needs of both. The building will be of brick, 237 by 181 feet, three stories high, and will cost about $80,000. The corner-stone was laid July 2, 1879, and the building will be finished in September, 1880. 86 KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. "Widows' Home and Asylum for Aged and Indigent Women is situ- ated on Mt. Auburn, in the square bounded by Bellevue, Stetson, Highland, and Market Streets. The association was organized in 1848, incorporated in 1851, and the Home is managed by a board of lady trustees with gentlemen auxiliaries. It is supported by an en- dowment-fund and donations. The prop- erty is owned by the association, and valued at $75,000. Widows of good moral character, indigent, and over 60 years of age, are admitted for life on pay- ment of $100. A number of the inmates, possessed of more than the required fee, have devoted their entire fortunes to the institution. Of the 46 inmates some have been there 25 years, and the oldest is now 97 years of age. Although the building is large, it is not large enough to accommodate all applicants; and ar- rangements have been made with the trustees of the Old Men's Home to erect, with a common fund, a new building of sufficient size for the purposes of both institutions (see Widows' and Old Men's Home). The president is Mrs. John Shil- Uto, and the secretary Mrs. P. Mallon. Wilstach, Baldwin, & Co., are publishers of law, medical, scientific, and miscellaneous books, as well as manufac- turing stationers. The business was es- tablished in 1842, and the firm name changed to its present style in 1870. The firm is composed of Charles F. Wilstach and F. H. Baldwin. In manufacturing blank-books and office-supplies" for rail- roads, banks, and other corporations, mercantile houses, and municipalities, this is the leading house in the South- west. The manufacturing department occupies two large buildings, — one 25 by 80 feet, four stories high, and the other 30 by 80 feet, five stories high. The sales and warerooms occupy two large floors, each 42 by 120 feet. The estab- lishment gives employment to about 100 hands. The bindery is one of the largest and best in the city, and is in charge of Mr. Wilstach, who for 18 years was president of the Ohio Mechanics' Insti- tute, for nearly four years Mayor of Cin- cinnati, and was the president of the first of the present series of the Cincinnati Industrial Expositions. Women's Art-Museum Associa- tion. — See Art. Women's Christian Association is an institution not only worthy of all the support it receives, but also entitled to the most liberal encouragement that the people can afford. Its object is the temporal, moral, and religious welfare of women dependent on their own exertions for a livelihood. To further this object three departments have been established, — a business-women's boarding-house, a committee on employment, and a com- mittee on city-missionary work. The boarding-house is not a charity-home; but it is a comfortable home for women desirous of paying their way, and at the same time of living in a very respectable yet economical manner. $3.50 a week is the maximum price, except for single rooms, when the prices vary from $4 to $5. The house, at 100 Broadway, with accommodations for 40 ladies, is owned by the association. A number of young ladies attending the College of Music and the schools are among the boarders. The employment-bureau is at 267 West Fourth Street, and is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. During the year 1878, there were 1,507 applications for situations filed, and 704 situations found. The mission committee have organized three " Mothers' Meetings," the work of a Bible-reader, who is really a city mission- ary, and visiting committees. A moth- ers' meeting is a place where the poor women of a neighborhood are gathered together, to learn to sew, while conversa- tion about general and religious matters is carried, on. Mrs. John Davis is the president, Mrs. John T. Perry treasurer, and Mrs. E. D. Ryder secretary. Woman's Christian Temperance Union is a re-organization of the " Women Crusaders." It was organized in 1875, to promote temperance sentiment by preaching the gospel to those ad- dicted to drinking, and to those engaged in the liquor-traffic. It holds regular meetings at its hall, No. 200 Vine Street, on Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday afternoons, at 4 o'clock. The Reform Club, an outgrowth and auxiliary of the Union, meets in the same hall Saturday evenings at 8 o'clock. Any person can attend the meetings. Since 1875 about 5,700 persons have signed the temperance pledge of the Union and of the Reform Club. The dues of the Union are 60 cents a year; but the main support comes from collections, donations, and from sustaining members. It is intended to shortly open a reading-room and library at 200 Vine Street. The president is Mrs. E. A. Whitridge, the treasurer Mrs. M. KING'S POCKET-BOOK OF CINCINNATI. 87 A. Vickers, and the secretary Mrs. L. M. Mackenzie. Women' Dispensary Association, a free dispensary for the treatment of diseases peculiar to females, in charge of lady physicians of the homoeopathic school, and open daily at 306 Linn Street. Woodburn, a beautiful village on the hills in the eastern part of the city, is three miles distant from the Post Office, and may be reached either by the Wal- nut-hills or by the Eden-park street-cars. It is the residence of some of the wealth- iest Cincinnatians, whose handsome houses and well-kept grounds make this one of the most beautiful of the suburbs. At the cor. of Woodburn Avenue and Madisonville Pike is the handsome Cath- olic Church of St. Francis de Sales. Woodland Garden.— See East-end Garden. Woodward College, the predeces- sor of Woodward High-School, under the presidency of William Woodward, its founder. In 1853 the old college building was torn down, to make room for the elegant high-school building which now occupies the site. The alumni of the college, of whom many are living in the city, designate themselves "Old Wood- ward Boys." Woodward High-School, founded by William Woodward, is located on Franklin Street, bet. Broadway and Sycamore. Promotions to enter the school are made from pupils who pass a satisfactory examination in the intermedi- ate schools. Pupils to be eligible for at- tendance must reside in the district lying north of Clark Street, and east of Central Avenue from Clark Street to the Ohio River. On the other side of this line, high-school pupils must attend the Hughes High-School. The high-schools are managed by the union board of high- schools, composed of six delegates from the board of education, five delegates from the board of trustees of the Wood- ward Fund, and two delegates from the trustees of the Hughes Fund. The aver- age number of pupils in attendance at Woodward is about 425. French, Ger- man, Latin, and Greek are taught, and all the elements of a first-class common- school education. Graduates are admit- ted to the University of Cincinnati with- out examination. Woodward Monument. — See Monuments. Workhouse, the Cincinnati, is an immense building situated on the Cole- rain Pike, in Camp Washington, adjoin- ing the House of Refuge. It consists of a central structure five stories high, with wings, the height of three stories, in which are the cell-rooms, each wing ending in a building of four stories. The front- age of the whole edifice is 510 feet. The south wing contains the cells for male prisoners, ranged in a single block of six tiers, reached by iron stairways. This block contains 360 cells. The north wing, similarly arranged, contains 240 cells for female prisoners. The main building contains the office, the family- rooms of the resident superintendent and secretary, and the prisoners' kitchen. A chapel stands immediately in the rear of the central structure, into which a Catho- lic altar can be wheeled when occasion requires. Services are held every Sun- day morning at 10 o'clock; and, although none are required to be present, there is scarcely any one absent. The grounds back of the prison are surrounded by a wall of masonry 15 feet high. Within this enclosure are the workshops, foun- deries, blacksmith's-shop, tool-houses, guard and other houses of sufficient size to give employment to all prisoners the workhouse will accommodate. Commit- ments are made by the police-court and court of common pleas for all crimes and misdemeanors, the punishment for which is of a less grade than imprisonment in the penitentiary. The grounds contain 26 acres. The daily average number of prisoners is about 460. The Workhouse is managed by a board of five directors, appointed by the mayor, and confirmed by the council. Horse-cars, — the Ave- nue line; fare, 10 cents from the city. Workmen, Ancient Order of United, a mutual benefit and insurance association, in which the members re- ceive weekly sick-benefits, and at death the widow or other heirs receive the sum of $2,000. The qualifications for mem- bership are a good moral character and sound health, the latter determined by an examining surgeon. The order is very strong in Cincinnati, there being 22 lodges. In the State there is an aggre- gate membership of about 2,700, and in the entire order about 66,000. Annual dues, from $4 to $6; assessment for each death, $1.10. Yale Club, founded in 1863, is said to be the oldest regularly organized alumni association in this country. Its object is 8S KING'S POCK'ET-JWOK OF CINCINNATI. to bring together the graduates of Yale College, at least once a year, so as to keep alive the memories of Alma Mater. The annual dinner takes place during the Christmas vacation, in order that instruct- ors, graduates, and undergraduates, who are in the city for the holidays, may be present. The young members have formed a Junior Yale Club, as a branch of the older club; and in the spring an informal supper is held at Boman's, at which about 20 members are present. At the regular dinner as many as 75 persons have been present. Young Men's Bible Society of Cincinnati, one of the oldest local in- stitutions of the kind, was founded in 1834, as an auxiliary to the American Bible Society, when Salmon P. Chase was elected its president, which position he held for ten years. The object of the society is to circulate the Holy Scrip- tures, without note or comment. During the year 1877-8 there were distributed 2,576 Bibles and 6,187 Testaments ; 720 Bibles and 1,657 Testaments were do- nated. The membership-list embraces the names of prominent clergymen and laymen of every denomination, as the society is non-sectarian in its character. The rooms are at 176 Elm Street. Young Men's Christian Associa- tion since 1874 has occupied the build- ing, originally opened as a hotel, known long ago as the Southgale House, situ- ated on the south-east cor. of Sixth and Elm Streets. The Association Hall has a seating capacity of 300, the library 400 volumes, the reading-room a fair supply of papers and periodicals, besides which there are parlors, chess and parlor-croquet rooms, baths, etc. Prayer-meetings week- days at 12 o'clock, and Saturday, Sun- day, and Monday evenings at 8 o'clock. Bible-class Sunday afternoon at 4 o'clock; free lectures, concerts, and other enter- tainments once a week. Benevolent and religious work is done by committees. Employment and boarding-houses are found without charge. Open on week- days from eight a.m. to ten p.m.; Sun- days, two to ten p.m. The whole is open free to the public. The membership com- prises 1,000 ladies and gentlemen. Ac- tive and associate members pay $2 a year each. Active members are male mem- bers of evangelical churches, and associ- ates comprise men not members of evan- gelical churches, and women. The mem- bers are privileged to enter the classes for instruction. The expenses are met chiefly by contributions. A contributor of $10 a year is called a sustaining-mem- ber ; and of $500 within five years a life-member. Young Men's Hebrew Associa- tion occupies rooms north-east cor. of Eighth Street and Central Avenue. It has a reading-room, gives literary, musi- cal, and social entertainments, and aims to secure employment for the members. Dues : life-membership, $50; initiation, $1.50; annual assessments, $4.00. Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, in College Building, has 40,000 volumes, 5,000 pamphlets, fine statuary, paintings, etc. The reading- room is comfortable and cosey, and con- tains upwards of 200 papers and period- icals. Terms, $5 for yearly, $50 for life, and $100 for perpetual membership. Open every day from eight a.m. to ten p.m. Strangers admitted. Henry J. Page is president, and John M. Newton librarian. Zoological Society of Cincinnati owns the largest and finest zoological gardens in the United States. The build- ings are as costly and as substantial as those of the zoological gardens in Europe. The grounds include 66 acres beautifully improved. There are 830 specimens of animals and birds, from all parts of the world. Frequently there are balls, pic- nics, and special attractions, and on Thursday evenings there is a "fete." The restaurant inside the garden fur- nishes good food at moderate prices. The gardens were opened in 1875, and since that time about $300,000 have been expended. They are situated in the south-west cor. of Avondale, and front on the Carthage Pike. Admission, 25 cents for adults; 10 cents for children; free for stockholders. Horse-cars, — Elm- street, Vine-street, or Main-street lines. Ask for coupon-ticket to "Zoo;" fare, 10 cents. The success of these gardens is due chiefly to the liberality of A.. Erk- enbrecher, and Julius J. Bantlin, to the ability of Frank J. Thompson the super- intendent, and to the enterprise of Neil C. Kerr, the excursion manager. The officers are, Florence Marmet president, J. M. Doherty vice-president, C. M. Erkenbrecher treasurer. SPECIAL NOTICE. For the benefit of Merchants who have not visited this city, and who are desirous of replenishing* their stocks from the large and varied assortment this market affords, we take pleasure in stating that we have a regularly organized department through which orders entrusted to this House are FILLED PROMPTLY and with SCRUPULOUS CARE. We guarantee our prices against all Competition, and in selections will give our customers the benefit of our best judgment on styles and values. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. Race, seventh and George Sts. LINEN DEPARTMENT. This stock offers rare inducements; the goods having been made especially to our order by the leading manufacturers of Europe, exquisite designs, superior finish and durability are combined at the lowest possible cost. The assortments include TABLE DAMASKS, with Napkins to match. LUNCH CLOTHS, with Doylies to match. TURKEY RED TOILENETS, with Napkins to match. TOWELS in Huckaback and Damask. TOWELLINGS of Scotch, Russian and American Manufacture. SHEETING AND PILLOW LINENS, all widths. FINE FRONTING LINENS, all Qualities. MARSEILLES and HONEY-COMB QUILTS and SPREADS, &c, &c. WHITE GOODS. All the best makes, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC, including VICTORIA LAWNS, NAINSOOKS, JACONETS, CAMBRICS, TARLATANS, ORGANDIES, PLAIN and DOTTED SWISS PIQUES, &c, &c. Constantly on hand. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. UPHOLSTERY DEPARTMT. ALL KINDS OF GOODS FOR FURNITURE COVERINGS, LAMBREQUINS, CURTAINS, &c. Are to be found in large variety, including JUTES, RAW SILKS, TERKYS, COTOLINES, SPUN SILKS, SATIN DAMASKS, PLAIN SATINS, SILK BROCATELLIS, SILK AND MOHAIR PLUSHES, And all the richest and most elegant novelties in Silk and Silk and "Wool Draperies. UPHOLSTERY CRETONNES, in the choicest English and French Designs. MATERIALS FOR LOOSE COVERS. JACQUARDS, FANCY AND PLAIN LINENS, LINEN DAMASKS, &c. FURNITURE AND DRAPERY TRIMMINGS, INCLUDING FRINGES, GIMPS, CORDS, LOOPS, BOKDERINGS, TASSELS, PENDANTS and UPHOLSTERY HARDWARE. LACE CURTAINS. A large stock of elegant patterns constantly on hand in all qualities and lengths. WINDOW SHADES, Receive our special attention. STORE SHADES A SPECIALTY. All kinds of lettering done, and any color desired can be furnished. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT. Complete Lines of In 4-4 SHEETING and SHIRTING MUSLINS, 40, 42, 45 and 54 inch. PILLOW CASINGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12-4 BLEACHED and BROWN SHEETINGS. All the leading makes of TICKINGS, DENIMS, DUCKS, DRILLS, CHECKS, STRIPES, PLAIDS, OSNABURGS, CHEVIOTS, CANTON FLANNELS, ROLLED AND FLAT CAMBRICS, SILESIAS, SATTEENS, CORSET JEANS, WIGANS, BOOK LININGS, GRAIN SACKS, BURLAPS, BATTS, WADDINGS, Ac, &c, At the Lowest Market Prices. PRINT DEPARTMENT. All the Popular P.rands in new work opening daily. — GINGHAMS, Handsome effects in dress styles, with all the old favorites csontantly on hand. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. WOOLEN DEPARTMENT. In this department we offer full lines of the BEST KNOWN MAKES at very attractive prices. FLANNELS. WHITE, SCARLET, GRAY AND BLUE, in Plain and Twills. PLAID, STRIPED, PLAIN AND PRINTED OPERAS, SHIRTING AND DRESS FLANNELS, all grades. WOOLENS. CASSIMERES, REPELLENTS, LADIES' CLOTHS, UNION and ALL-WOOL BEAVERS, FANCY CLOAKINGS, SUITINGS, BROAD-CLOTHS, DOESKINS, &c. Of the best American and Foreign makes. KENTUCKY JEANS, Union and Ail-Wool Fillings. Unequalled assortment. BLANKETS. WHITE BLANKETS, From crib size to the largest made. COLORED BLANKETS. All shades and weights, HORSE BLANKETS. One and two-strap, all grades. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR DEPARTMENT. We offer in this department the largest and best selected stock we have ever presented, embracing complete lines of Ladies' and Children's COTTON, SILK, MERINO and WOOL HOSE ; ALSO, MEN'S HALF HOSE in same materials. All sizes and grades of UNDERWEAR For Ladies, Men and Children at very favorable prices. G-LOVES. New styles and colorings in KID, BUCK and DOGSKIN, lined and unlined. BERLIN, CLOTH and CASHMERE, lined and unlined. NOTION DEPARTMENT. The great variety and range of goods classed under the head of Notions renders anything like a complete list impossible. We are constantly offering Drives in all classes of STAPLE NOTIONS, Such as SUSPENDERS, UNLAUNDERED SHIRTS, VEGETABLE, IVORY and PEARL BUTTONS, SKIRT and DRESS BRAIDS, KNITTING COTTONS, GERMANTOWN YARNS, ZEPHYR WORSTEDS, TRAVELING BAGS, &c, &c. CORSETS. All qualities from JS2.50 per dozen up. UMBRELLAS. COTTON, GINGHAM, ALPACCA and SILK. Large variety of Handles. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT. We have devoted the entire sixth floor to manufac- turing purposes. Have procured the very best labor-saving machinery obtainable, all of which is run by steam power, and have no hesitation in saying we can SAVE YOU at least one full profit on CLOAKS, SUITS, LADIES' MUSLIN UNDERWEAR, COLORED SHIRTS, OVER-ALLS, JUMPERS, MATRESSES, and FRINGES, For DRESS TRIMMING or UPHOLSTERY purposes. ALSO, LADIES' FANCY NECKWEAR. A trial order will convince you of the truth of this assertion. JOHN SHILLITO & CO. CARPET DEPARTMENT. Occupies the entire third floor, and is reached by elevators. It covers more space, is better arranged and better lighted than any Carpet Room in America. The assortments include all the newest designs in floor coverings of all grades, — embracing the popular styles in PERSIAN, INDIAN AND GERMAN PIECE CARPETS, AXMINSTERS, WILTONS, BODY AND TAPESTRY BRUSSELS, WITH WOOL CARPETINGS IN THREE-PLY, EXTRA SUPER and SUPER, COTTON and WOOL INGRAINS, HEMP AND DUTCH CARPETINGS, MATTINGS, RUGS AND MATS, OIL CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS, LIGNUMS, (Sec. Buyers will always find in this department complete and attractive assortments at the LOWEST PRICES. JOHN SHILLITO & 00. DE$C^IPTI0N*0F+BaiLDING. YYY*HIS magnificent structure covers ground on which stood twenty dwellings, to secure which twenty-four separate owners had to \^ be dealt with. Work was begun May ist, 1S77, and on the 2d of September, 1S78, the building — certainly the largest, best appointed, and best lighted in this country — was opened for business. The building is of Philadelphia pressed brick and Ohio stone; foundations of solid limestone ; six stories above ground, with base- ment and sub-basement ; it fronts 270 feet on George Street, 176 feet on Race Street, and 126 feet on Seventh Street; thus embracing the enormous area of about 40,000 square feet, and giving a floorage of seven acres. A magnificent central dome, 60 feet in diameter and 120 feet high throws a superior light over the various sections, and secures perfect ventilation. Thermostats are placed on every floor to give instant notice of any unusual heat, and communicating direct with the City Fire Department. The gas is lighted by electricity. In the Manufacturing Department on the sixth floor, there are several hundred sewing machines all run by steam power. There are three passenger and two freight elevators, carrying ' customers or goods to every floor. Waiting and Toilet rooms have been arranged for the conveni- ence of visitors on each floor. C\-er 1,000 persons are employed in the several departments. THs 5= certainly one of the sights of Cincinnati. fill ^'I'llillillllilill'llilillliiitlllliliiliililiiirilil!!!